Struct bevy::math::f32::Vec2

#[repr(C)]
pub struct Vec2 {
    pub x: f32,
    pub y: f32,
}

A 2-dimensional vector.

Fields

x: f32

y: f32

Implementations

impl Vec2

pub const ZERO: Vec2 = _

All zeroes.

pub const ONE: Vec2 = _

All ones.

pub const NEG_ONE: Vec2 = _

All negative ones.

pub const MIN: Vec2 = _

All f32::MIN.

pub const MAX: Vec2 = _

All f32::MAX.

pub const NAN: Vec2 = _

All f32::NAN.

pub const INFINITY: Vec2 = _

All f32::INFINITY.

pub const NEG_INFINITY: Vec2 = _

All f32::NEG_INFINITY.

pub const X: Vec2 = _

A unit vector pointing along the positive X axis.

pub const Y: Vec2 = _

A unit vector pointing along the positive Y axis.

pub const NEG_X: Vec2 = _

A unit vector pointing along the negative X axis.

pub const NEG_Y: Vec2 = _

A unit vector pointing along the negative Y axis.

pub const AXES: [Vec2; 2] = _

The unit axes.

pub const fn new(x: f32, y: f32) -> Vec2

Creates a new vector.

Examples found in repository

examples/tools/gamepad_viewer.rs (line 13)

const START_SIZE: Vec2 = Vec2::new(30., 15.);
const TRIGGER_SIZE: Vec2 = Vec2::new(70., 20.);
const STICK_BOUNDS_SIZE: f32 = 100.;

const BUTTONS_X: f32 = 150.;
const BUTTONS_Y: f32 = 80.;
const STICKS_X: f32 = 150.;
const STICKS_Y: f32 = -135.;

const NORMAL_BUTTON_COLOR: Color = Color::srgb(0.3, 0.3, 0.3);
const ACTIVE_BUTTON_COLOR: Color = Color::srgb(0.5, 0., 0.5);
const LIVE_COLOR: Color = Color::srgb(0.4, 0.4, 0.4);
const DEAD_COLOR: Color = Color::srgb(0.13, 0.13, 0.13);

#[derive(Component, Deref)]
struct ReactTo(GamepadButtonType);
#[derive(Component)]
struct MoveWithAxes {
    x_axis: GamepadAxisType,
    y_axis: GamepadAxisType,
    scale: f32,
}
#[derive(Component)]
struct TextWithAxes {
    x_axis: GamepadAxisType,
    y_axis: GamepadAxisType,
}
#[derive(Component, Deref)]
struct TextWithButtonValue(GamepadButtonType);

#[derive(Component)]
struct ConnectedGamepadsText;

#[derive(Resource)]
struct ButtonMaterials {
    normal: Handle<ColorMaterial>,
    active: Handle<ColorMaterial>,
}
impl FromWorld for ButtonMaterials {
    fn from_world(world: &mut World) -> Self {
        Self {
            normal: world.add_asset(NORMAL_BUTTON_COLOR),
            active: world.add_asset(ACTIVE_BUTTON_COLOR),
        }
    }
}
#[derive(Resource)]
struct ButtonMeshes {
    circle: Mesh2dHandle,
    triangle: Mesh2dHandle,
    start_pause: Mesh2dHandle,
    trigger: Mesh2dHandle,
}
impl FromWorld for ButtonMeshes {
    fn from_world(world: &mut World) -> Self {
        Self {
            circle: world.add_asset(Circle::new(BUTTON_RADIUS)).into(),
            triangle: world
                .add_asset(RegularPolygon::new(BUTTON_RADIUS, 3))
                .into(),
            start_pause: world.add_asset(Rectangle::from_size(START_SIZE)).into(),
            trigger: world.add_asset(Rectangle::from_size(TRIGGER_SIZE)).into(),
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Bundle)]
struct GamepadButtonBundle {
    mesh_bundle: MaterialMesh2dBundle<ColorMaterial>,
    react_to: ReactTo,
}

impl GamepadButtonBundle {
    pub fn new(
        button_type: GamepadButtonType,
        mesh: Mesh2dHandle,
        material: Handle<ColorMaterial>,
        x: f32,
        y: f32,
    ) -> Self {
        Self {
            mesh_bundle: MaterialMesh2dBundle {
                mesh,
                material,
                transform: Transform::from_xyz(x, y, 0.),
                ..default()
            },
            react_to: ReactTo(button_type),
        }
    }

    pub fn with_rotation(mut self, angle: f32) -> Self {
        self.mesh_bundle.transform.rotation = Quat::from_rotation_z(angle);
        self
    }
}

fn main() {
    App::new()
        .add_plugins(DefaultPlugins)
        .init_resource::<ButtonMaterials>()
        .init_resource::<ButtonMeshes>()
        .add_systems(
            Startup,
            (setup, setup_sticks, setup_triggers, setup_connected),
        )
        .add_systems(
            Update,
            (
                update_buttons,
                update_button_values,
                update_axes,
                update_connected,
            ),
        )
        .run();
}

fn setup(mut commands: Commands, meshes: Res<ButtonMeshes>, materials: Res<ButtonMaterials>) {
    commands.spawn(Camera2dBundle::default());

    // Buttons

    commands
        .spawn(SpatialBundle {
            transform: Transform::from_xyz(BUTTONS_X, BUTTONS_Y, 0.),
            ..default()
        })
        .with_children(|parent| {
            parent.spawn(GamepadButtonBundle::new(
                GamepadButtonType::North,
                meshes.circle.clone(),
                materials.normal.clone(),
                0.,
                BUTTON_CLUSTER_RADIUS,
            ));
            parent.spawn(GamepadButtonBundle::new(
                GamepadButtonType::South,
                meshes.circle.clone(),
                materials.normal.clone(),
                0.,
                -BUTTON_CLUSTER_RADIUS,
            ));
            parent.spawn(GamepadButtonBundle::new(
                GamepadButtonType::West,
                meshes.circle.clone(),
                materials.normal.clone(),
                -BUTTON_CLUSTER_RADIUS,
                0.,
            ));
            parent.spawn(GamepadButtonBundle::new(
                GamepadButtonType::East,
                meshes.circle.clone(),
                materials.normal.clone(),
                BUTTON_CLUSTER_RADIUS,
                0.,
            ));
        });

    // Start and Pause

    commands.spawn(GamepadButtonBundle::new(
        GamepadButtonType::Select,
        meshes.start_pause.clone(),
        materials.normal.clone(),
        -30.,
        BUTTONS_Y,
    ));

    commands.spawn(GamepadButtonBundle::new(
        GamepadButtonType::Start,
        meshes.start_pause.clone(),
        materials.normal.clone(),
        30.,
        BUTTONS_Y,
    ));

    // D-Pad

    commands
        .spawn(SpatialBundle {
            transform: Transform::from_xyz(-BUTTONS_X, BUTTONS_Y, 0.),
            ..default()
        })
        .with_children(|parent| {
            parent.spawn(GamepadButtonBundle::new(
                GamepadButtonType::DPadUp,
                meshes.triangle.clone(),
                materials.normal.clone(),
                0.,
                BUTTON_CLUSTER_RADIUS,
            ));
            parent.spawn(
                GamepadButtonBundle::new(
                    GamepadButtonType::DPadDown,
                    meshes.triangle.clone(),
                    materials.normal.clone(),
                    0.,
                    -BUTTON_CLUSTER_RADIUS,
                )
                .with_rotation(PI),
            );
            parent.spawn(
                GamepadButtonBundle::new(
                    GamepadButtonType::DPadLeft,
                    meshes.triangle.clone(),
                    materials.normal.clone(),
                    -BUTTON_CLUSTER_RADIUS,
                    0.,
                )
                .with_rotation(PI / 2.),
            );
            parent.spawn(
                GamepadButtonBundle::new(
                    GamepadButtonType::DPadRight,
                    meshes.triangle.clone(),
                    materials.normal.clone(),
                    BUTTON_CLUSTER_RADIUS,
                    0.,
                )
                .with_rotation(-PI / 2.),
            );
        });

    // Triggers

    commands.spawn(GamepadButtonBundle::new(
        GamepadButtonType::LeftTrigger,
        meshes.trigger.clone(),
        materials.normal.clone(),
        -BUTTONS_X,
        BUTTONS_Y + 115.,
    ));

    commands.spawn(GamepadButtonBundle::new(
        GamepadButtonType::RightTrigger,
        meshes.trigger.clone(),
        materials.normal.clone(),
        BUTTONS_X,
        BUTTONS_Y + 115.,
    ));
}

fn setup_sticks(
    mut commands: Commands,
    meshes: Res<ButtonMeshes>,
    materials: Res<ButtonMaterials>,
    gamepad_settings: Res<GamepadSettings>,
) {
    let dead_upper =
        STICK_BOUNDS_SIZE * gamepad_settings.default_axis_settings.deadzone_upperbound();
    let dead_lower =
        STICK_BOUNDS_SIZE * gamepad_settings.default_axis_settings.deadzone_lowerbound();
    let dead_size = dead_lower.abs() + dead_upper.abs();
    let dead_mid = (dead_lower + dead_upper) / 2.0;

    let live_upper =
        STICK_BOUNDS_SIZE * gamepad_settings.default_axis_settings.livezone_upperbound();
    let live_lower =
        STICK_BOUNDS_SIZE * gamepad_settings.default_axis_settings.livezone_lowerbound();
    let live_size = live_lower.abs() + live_upper.abs();
    let live_mid = (live_lower + live_upper) / 2.0;

    let mut spawn_stick = |x_pos, y_pos, x_axis, y_axis, button| {
        commands
            .spawn(SpatialBundle {
                transform: Transform::from_xyz(x_pos, y_pos, 0.),
                ..default()
            })
            .with_children(|parent| {
                // full extent
                parent.spawn(SpriteBundle {
                    sprite: Sprite {
                        custom_size: Some(Vec2::splat(STICK_BOUNDS_SIZE * 2.)),
                        color: DEAD_COLOR,
                        ..default()
                    },
                    ..default()
                });
                // live zone
                parent.spawn(SpriteBundle {
                    transform: Transform::from_xyz(live_mid, live_mid, 2.),
                    sprite: Sprite {
                        custom_size: Some(Vec2::new(live_size, live_size)),
                        color: LIVE_COLOR,
                        ..default()
                    },
                    ..default()
                });
                // dead zone
                parent.spawn(SpriteBundle {
                    transform: Transform::from_xyz(dead_mid, dead_mid, 3.),
                    sprite: Sprite {
                        custom_size: Some(Vec2::new(dead_size, dead_size)),
                        color: DEAD_COLOR,
                        ..default()
                    },
                    ..default()
                });
                // text
                let style = TextStyle {
                    font_size: 16.,
                    ..default()
                };
                parent.spawn((
                    Text2dBundle {
                        transform: Transform::from_xyz(0., STICK_BOUNDS_SIZE + 2., 4.),
                        text: Text::from_sections([
                            TextSection {
                                value: format!("{:.3}", 0.),
                                style: style.clone(),
                            },
                            TextSection {
                                value: ", ".to_string(),
                                style: style.clone(),
                            },
                            TextSection {
                                value: format!("{:.3}", 0.),
                                style,
                            },
                        ]),
                        text_anchor: Anchor::BottomCenter,
                        ..default()
                    },
                    TextWithAxes { x_axis, y_axis },
                ));
                // cursor
                parent.spawn((
                    MaterialMesh2dBundle {
                        mesh: meshes.circle.clone(),
                        material: materials.normal.clone(),
                        transform: Transform::from_xyz(0., 0., 5.)
                            .with_scale(Vec2::splat(0.15).extend(1.)),
                        ..default()
                    },
                    MoveWithAxes {
                        x_axis,
                        y_axis,
                        scale: STICK_BOUNDS_SIZE,
                    },
                    ReactTo(button),
                ));
            });
    };

    spawn_stick(
        -STICKS_X,
        STICKS_Y,
        GamepadAxisType::LeftStickX,
        GamepadAxisType::LeftStickY,
        GamepadButtonType::LeftThumb,
    );
    spawn_stick(
        STICKS_X,
        STICKS_Y,
        GamepadAxisType::RightStickX,
        GamepadAxisType::RightStickY,
        GamepadButtonType::RightThumb,
    );
}

examples/2d/rotation.rs (line 5)

const BOUNDS: Vec2 = Vec2::new(1200.0, 640.0);

examples/games/breakout.rs (line 15)

const PADDLE_SIZE: Vec2 = Vec2::new(120.0, 20.0);
const GAP_BETWEEN_PADDLE_AND_FLOOR: f32 = 60.0;
const PADDLE_SPEED: f32 = 500.0;
// How close can the paddle get to the wall
const PADDLE_PADDING: f32 = 10.0;

// We set the z-value of the ball to 1 so it renders on top in the case of overlapping sprites.
const BALL_STARTING_POSITION: Vec3 = Vec3::new(0.0, -50.0, 1.0);
const BALL_DIAMETER: f32 = 30.;
const BALL_SPEED: f32 = 400.0;
const INITIAL_BALL_DIRECTION: Vec2 = Vec2::new(0.5, -0.5);

const WALL_THICKNESS: f32 = 10.0;
// x coordinates
const LEFT_WALL: f32 = -450.;
const RIGHT_WALL: f32 = 450.;
// y coordinates
const BOTTOM_WALL: f32 = -300.;
const TOP_WALL: f32 = 300.;

const BRICK_SIZE: Vec2 = Vec2::new(100., 30.);
// These values are exact
const GAP_BETWEEN_PADDLE_AND_BRICKS: f32 = 270.0;
const GAP_BETWEEN_BRICKS: f32 = 5.0;
// These values are lower bounds, as the number of bricks is computed
const GAP_BETWEEN_BRICKS_AND_CEILING: f32 = 20.0;
const GAP_BETWEEN_BRICKS_AND_SIDES: f32 = 20.0;

const SCOREBOARD_FONT_SIZE: f32 = 40.0;
const SCOREBOARD_TEXT_PADDING: Val = Val::Px(5.0);

const BACKGROUND_COLOR: Color = Color::srgb(0.9, 0.9, 0.9);
const PADDLE_COLOR: Color = Color::srgb(0.3, 0.3, 0.7);
const BALL_COLOR: Color = Color::srgb(1.0, 0.5, 0.5);
const BRICK_COLOR: Color = Color::srgb(0.5, 0.5, 1.0);
const WALL_COLOR: Color = Color::srgb(0.8, 0.8, 0.8);
const TEXT_COLOR: Color = Color::srgb(0.5, 0.5, 1.0);
const SCORE_COLOR: Color = Color::srgb(1.0, 0.5, 0.5);

fn main() {
    App::new()
        .add_plugins(DefaultPlugins)
        .add_plugins(
            stepping::SteppingPlugin::default()
                .add_schedule(Update)
                .add_schedule(FixedUpdate)
                .at(Val::Percent(35.0), Val::Percent(50.0)),
        )
        .insert_resource(Score(0))
        .insert_resource(ClearColor(BACKGROUND_COLOR))
        .add_event::<CollisionEvent>()
        .add_systems(Startup, setup)
        // Add our gameplay simulation systems to the fixed timestep schedule
        // which runs at 64 Hz by default
        .add_systems(
            FixedUpdate,
            (
                apply_velocity,
                move_paddle,
                check_for_collisions,
                play_collision_sound,
            )
                // `chain`ing systems together runs them in order
                .chain(),
        )
        .add_systems(Update, update_scoreboard)
        .run();
}

#[derive(Component)]
struct Paddle;

#[derive(Component)]
struct Ball;

#[derive(Component, Deref, DerefMut)]
struct Velocity(Vec2);

#[derive(Component)]
struct Collider;

#[derive(Event, Default)]
struct CollisionEvent;

#[derive(Component)]
struct Brick;

#[derive(Resource, Deref)]
struct CollisionSound(Handle<AudioSource>);

// This bundle is a collection of the components that define a "wall" in our game
#[derive(Bundle)]
struct WallBundle {
    // You can nest bundles inside of other bundles like this
    // Allowing you to compose their functionality
    sprite_bundle: SpriteBundle,
    collider: Collider,
}

/// Which side of the arena is this wall located on?
enum WallLocation {
    Left,
    Right,
    Bottom,
    Top,
}

impl WallLocation {
    /// Location of the *center* of the wall, used in `transform.translation()`
    fn position(&self) -> Vec2 {
        match self {
            WallLocation::Left => Vec2::new(LEFT_WALL, 0.),
            WallLocation::Right => Vec2::new(RIGHT_WALL, 0.),
            WallLocation::Bottom => Vec2::new(0., BOTTOM_WALL),
            WallLocation::Top => Vec2::new(0., TOP_WALL),
        }
    }

    /// (x, y) dimensions of the wall, used in `transform.scale()`
    fn size(&self) -> Vec2 {
        let arena_height = TOP_WALL - BOTTOM_WALL;
        let arena_width = RIGHT_WALL - LEFT_WALL;
        // Make sure we haven't messed up our constants
        assert!(arena_height > 0.0);
        assert!(arena_width > 0.0);

        match self {
            WallLocation::Left | WallLocation::Right => {
                Vec2::new(WALL_THICKNESS, arena_height + WALL_THICKNESS)
            }
            WallLocation::Bottom | WallLocation::Top => {
                Vec2::new(arena_width + WALL_THICKNESS, WALL_THICKNESS)
            }
        }
    }
}

impl WallBundle {
    // This "builder method" allows us to reuse logic across our wall entities,
    // making our code easier to read and less prone to bugs when we change the logic
    fn new(location: WallLocation) -> WallBundle {
        WallBundle {
            sprite_bundle: SpriteBundle {
                transform: Transform {
                    // We need to convert our Vec2 into a Vec3, by giving it a z-coordinate
                    // This is used to determine the order of our sprites
                    translation: location.position().extend(0.0),
                    // The z-scale of 2D objects must always be 1.0,
                    // or their ordering will be affected in surprising ways.
                    // See https://github.com/bevyengine/bevy/issues/4149
                    scale: location.size().extend(1.0),
                    ..default()
                },
                sprite: Sprite {
                    color: WALL_COLOR,
                    ..default()
                },
                ..default()
            },
            collider: Collider,
        }
    }
}

// This resource tracks the game's score
#[derive(Resource, Deref, DerefMut)]
struct Score(usize);

#[derive(Component)]
struct ScoreboardUi;

// Add the game's entities to our world
fn setup(
    mut commands: Commands,
    mut meshes: ResMut<Assets<Mesh>>,
    mut materials: ResMut<Assets<ColorMaterial>>,
    asset_server: Res<AssetServer>,
) {
    // Camera
    commands.spawn(Camera2dBundle::default());

    // Sound
    let ball_collision_sound = asset_server.load("sounds/breakout_collision.ogg");
    commands.insert_resource(CollisionSound(ball_collision_sound));

    // Paddle
    let paddle_y = BOTTOM_WALL + GAP_BETWEEN_PADDLE_AND_FLOOR;

    commands.spawn((
        SpriteBundle {
            transform: Transform {
                translation: Vec3::new(0.0, paddle_y, 0.0),
                scale: PADDLE_SIZE.extend(1.0),
                ..default()
            },
            sprite: Sprite {
                color: PADDLE_COLOR,
                ..default()
            },
            ..default()
        },
        Paddle,
        Collider,
    ));

    // Ball
    commands.spawn((
        MaterialMesh2dBundle {
            mesh: meshes.add(Circle::default()).into(),
            material: materials.add(BALL_COLOR),
            transform: Transform::from_translation(BALL_STARTING_POSITION)
                .with_scale(Vec2::splat(BALL_DIAMETER).extend(1.)),
            ..default()
        },
        Ball,
        Velocity(INITIAL_BALL_DIRECTION.normalize() * BALL_SPEED),
    ));

    // Scoreboard
    commands.spawn((
        ScoreboardUi,
        TextBundle::from_sections([
            TextSection::new(
                "Score: ",
                TextStyle {
                    font_size: SCOREBOARD_FONT_SIZE,
                    color: TEXT_COLOR,
                    ..default()
                },
            ),
            TextSection::from_style(TextStyle {
                font_size: SCOREBOARD_FONT_SIZE,
                color: SCORE_COLOR,
                ..default()
            }),
        ])
        .with_style(Style {
            position_type: PositionType::Absolute,
            top: SCOREBOARD_TEXT_PADDING,
            left: SCOREBOARD_TEXT_PADDING,
            ..default()
        }),
    ));

    // Walls
    commands.spawn(WallBundle::new(WallLocation::Left));
    commands.spawn(WallBundle::new(WallLocation::Right));
    commands.spawn(WallBundle::new(WallLocation::Bottom));
    commands.spawn(WallBundle::new(WallLocation::Top));

    // Bricks
    let total_width_of_bricks = (RIGHT_WALL - LEFT_WALL) - 2. * GAP_BETWEEN_BRICKS_AND_SIDES;
    let bottom_edge_of_bricks = paddle_y + GAP_BETWEEN_PADDLE_AND_BRICKS;
    let total_height_of_bricks = TOP_WALL - bottom_edge_of_bricks - GAP_BETWEEN_BRICKS_AND_CEILING;

    assert!(total_width_of_bricks > 0.0);
    assert!(total_height_of_bricks > 0.0);

    // Given the space available, compute how many rows and columns of bricks we can fit
    let n_columns = (total_width_of_bricks / (BRICK_SIZE.x + GAP_BETWEEN_BRICKS)).floor() as usize;
    let n_rows = (total_height_of_bricks / (BRICK_SIZE.y + GAP_BETWEEN_BRICKS)).floor() as usize;
    let n_vertical_gaps = n_columns - 1;

    // Because we need to round the number of columns,
    // the space on the top and sides of the bricks only captures a lower bound, not an exact value
    let center_of_bricks = (LEFT_WALL + RIGHT_WALL) / 2.0;
    let left_edge_of_bricks = center_of_bricks
        // Space taken up by the bricks
        - (n_columns as f32 / 2.0 * BRICK_SIZE.x)
        // Space taken up by the gaps
        - n_vertical_gaps as f32 / 2.0 * GAP_BETWEEN_BRICKS;

    // In Bevy, the `translation` of an entity describes the center point,
    // not its bottom-left corner
    let offset_x = left_edge_of_bricks + BRICK_SIZE.x / 2.;
    let offset_y = bottom_edge_of_bricks + BRICK_SIZE.y / 2.;

    for row in 0..n_rows {
        for column in 0..n_columns {
            let brick_position = Vec2::new(
                offset_x + column as f32 * (BRICK_SIZE.x + GAP_BETWEEN_BRICKS),
                offset_y + row as f32 * (BRICK_SIZE.y + GAP_BETWEEN_BRICKS),
            );

            // brick
            commands.spawn((
                SpriteBundle {
                    sprite: Sprite {
                        color: BRICK_COLOR,
                        ..default()
                    },
                    transform: Transform {
                        translation: brick_position.extend(0.0),
                        scale: Vec3::new(BRICK_SIZE.x, BRICK_SIZE.y, 1.0),
                        ..default()
                    },
                    ..default()
                },
                Brick,
                Collider,
            ));
        }
    }
}

examples/math/render_primitives.rs (line 147)

const RECTANGLE: Rectangle = Rectangle {
    half_size: Vec2::new(SMALL_2D, BIG_2D),
};
const CUBOID: Cuboid = Cuboid {
    half_size: Vec3::new(BIG_3D, SMALL_3D, BIG_3D),
};

const CIRCLE: Circle = Circle { radius: BIG_2D };
const SPHERE: Sphere = Sphere { radius: BIG_3D };

const ELLIPSE: Ellipse = Ellipse {
    half_size: Vec2::new(BIG_2D, SMALL_2D),
};

const TRIANGLE: Triangle2d = Triangle2d {
    vertices: [
        Vec2::new(SMALL_2D, 0.0),
        Vec2::new(0.0, SMALL_2D),
        Vec2::new(-SMALL_2D, 0.0),
    ],
};

const PLANE_2D: Plane2d = Plane2d { normal: Dir2::Y };
const PLANE_3D: Plane3d = Plane3d {
    normal: Dir3::Y,
    half_size: Vec2::new(BIG_3D, BIG_3D),
};

const LINE2D: Line2d = Line2d { direction: Dir2::X };
const LINE3D: Line3d = Line3d { direction: Dir3::X };

const SEGMENT_2D: Segment2d = Segment2d {
    direction: Dir2::X,
    half_length: BIG_2D,
};
const SEGMENT_3D: Segment3d = Segment3d {
    direction: Dir3::X,
    half_length: BIG_3D,
};

const POLYLINE_2D: Polyline2d<4> = Polyline2d {
    vertices: [
        Vec2::new(-BIG_2D, -SMALL_2D),
        Vec2::new(-SMALL_2D, SMALL_2D),
        Vec2::new(SMALL_2D, -SMALL_2D),
        Vec2::new(BIG_2D, SMALL_2D),
    ],
};
const POLYLINE_3D: Polyline3d<4> = Polyline3d {
    vertices: [
        Vec3::new(-BIG_3D, -SMALL_3D, -SMALL_3D),
        Vec3::new(SMALL_3D, SMALL_3D, 0.0),
        Vec3::new(-SMALL_3D, -SMALL_3D, 0.0),
        Vec3::new(BIG_3D, SMALL_3D, SMALL_3D),
    ],
};

const POLYGON_2D: Polygon<5> = Polygon {
    vertices: [
        Vec2::new(-BIG_2D, -SMALL_2D),
        Vec2::new(BIG_2D, -SMALL_2D),
        Vec2::new(BIG_2D, SMALL_2D),
        Vec2::new(0.0, 0.0),
        Vec2::new(-BIG_2D, SMALL_2D),
    ],
};

const REGULAR_POLYGON: RegularPolygon = RegularPolygon {
    circumcircle: Circle { radius: BIG_2D },
    sides: 5,
};

const CAPSULE_2D: Capsule2d = Capsule2d {
    radius: SMALL_2D,
    half_length: SMALL_2D,
};
const CAPSULE_3D: Capsule3d = Capsule3d {
    radius: SMALL_3D,
    half_length: SMALL_3D,
};

const CYLINDER: Cylinder = Cylinder {
    radius: SMALL_3D,
    half_height: SMALL_3D,
};

const CONE: Cone = Cone {
    radius: BIG_3D,
    height: BIG_3D,
};

const CONICAL_FRUSTUM: ConicalFrustum = ConicalFrustum {
    radius_top: BIG_3D,
    radius_bottom: SMALL_3D,
    height: BIG_3D,
};

const TORUS: Torus = Torus {
    minor_radius: SMALL_3D / 2.0,
    major_radius: SMALL_3D * 1.5,
};

fn setup_cameras(mut commands: Commands) {
    let start_in_2d = true;
    let make_camera = |is_active| Camera {
        is_active,
        ..Default::default()
    };

    commands.spawn(Camera2dBundle {
        camera: make_camera(start_in_2d),
        ..Default::default()
    });

    commands.spawn(Camera3dBundle {
        camera: make_camera(!start_in_2d),
        transform: Transform::from_xyz(0.0, 10.0, 0.0).looking_at(Vec3::ZERO, Vec3::Z),
        ..Default::default()
    });
}

fn setup_ambient_light(mut ambient_light: ResMut<AmbientLight>) {
    ambient_light.brightness = 50.0;
}

fn setup_lights(mut commands: Commands) {
    commands.spawn(PointLightBundle {
        point_light: PointLight {
            intensity: 5000.0,
            ..default()
        },
        transform: Transform::from_translation(Vec3::new(-LEFT_RIGHT_OFFSET_3D, 2.0, 0.0))
            .looking_at(Vec3::new(-LEFT_RIGHT_OFFSET_3D, 0.0, 0.0), Vec3::Y),
        ..default()
    });
}

/// Marker component for header text
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Component, Default, Reflect)]
pub struct HeaderText;

/// Marker component for header node
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Component, Default, Reflect)]
pub struct HeaderNode;

fn update_active_cameras(
    state: Res<State<CameraActive>>,
    mut camera_2d: Query<(Entity, &mut Camera), With<Camera2d>>,
    mut camera_3d: Query<(Entity, &mut Camera), (With<Camera3d>, Without<Camera2d>)>,
    mut text: Query<&mut TargetCamera, With<HeaderNode>>,
) {
    let (entity_2d, mut cam_2d) = camera_2d.single_mut();
    let (entity_3d, mut cam_3d) = camera_3d.single_mut();
    let is_camera_2d_active = matches!(*state.get(), CameraActive::Dim2);

    cam_2d.is_active = is_camera_2d_active;
    cam_3d.is_active = !is_camera_2d_active;

    let active_camera = if is_camera_2d_active {
        entity_2d
    } else {
        entity_3d
    };

    text.iter_mut().for_each(|mut target_camera| {
        *target_camera = TargetCamera(active_camera);
    });
}

fn switch_cameras(current: Res<State<CameraActive>>, mut next: ResMut<NextState<CameraActive>>) {
    let next_state = match current.get() {
        CameraActive::Dim2 => CameraActive::Dim3,
        CameraActive::Dim3 => CameraActive::Dim2,
    };
    next.set(next_state);
}

fn setup_text(
    mut commands: Commands,
    asset_server: Res<AssetServer>,
    cameras: Query<(Entity, &Camera)>,
) {
    let active_camera = cameras
        .iter()
        .find_map(|(entity, camera)| camera.is_active.then_some(entity))
        .expect("run condition ensures existence");
    let text = format!("{text}", text = PrimitiveSelected::default());
    let font_size = 24.0;
    let font: Handle<Font> = asset_server.load("fonts/FiraMono-Medium.ttf");
    let style = TextStyle {
        font,
        font_size,
        color: Color::WHITE,
    };
    let instructions = "Press 'C' to switch between 2D and 3D mode\n\
        Press 'Up' or 'Down' to switch to the next/previous primitive";
    let text = [
        TextSection::new("Primitive: ", style.clone()),
        TextSection::new(text, style.clone()),
        TextSection::new("\n\n", style.clone()),
        TextSection::new(instructions, style.clone()),
        TextSection::new("\n\n", style.clone()),
        TextSection::new(
            "(If nothing is displayed, there's no rendering support yet)",
            style.clone(),
        ),
    ];

    commands
        .spawn((
            HeaderNode,
            NodeBundle {
                style: Style {
                    justify_self: JustifySelf::Center,
                    top: Val::Px(5.0),
                    ..Default::default()
                },
                ..Default::default()
            },
            TargetCamera(active_camera),
        ))
        .with_children(|parent| {
            parent.spawn((
                HeaderText,
                TextBundle::from_sections(text).with_text_justify(JustifyText::Center),
            ));
        });
}

fn update_text(
    primitive_state: Res<State<PrimitiveSelected>>,
    mut header: Query<&mut Text, With<HeaderText>>,
) {
    let new_text = format!("{text}", text = primitive_state.get());
    header.iter_mut().for_each(|mut header_text| {
        if let Some(kind) = header_text.sections.get_mut(1) {
            kind.value.clone_from(&new_text);
        };
    });
}

fn switch_to_next_primitive(
    current: Res<State<PrimitiveSelected>>,
    mut next: ResMut<NextState<PrimitiveSelected>>,
) {
    let next_state = current.get().next();
    next.set(next_state);
}

fn switch_to_previous_primitive(
    current: Res<State<PrimitiveSelected>>,
    mut next: ResMut<NextState<PrimitiveSelected>>,
) {
    let next_state = current.get().previous();
    next.set(next_state);
}

fn in_mode(active: CameraActive) -> impl Fn(Res<State<CameraActive>>) -> bool {
    move |state| *state.get() == active
}

fn draw_gizmos_2d(mut gizmos: Gizmos, state: Res<State<PrimitiveSelected>>, time: Res<Time>) {
    const POSITION: Vec2 = Vec2::new(-LEFT_RIGHT_OFFSET_2D, 0.0);

examples/window/window_resizing.rs (line 7)

fn main() {
    App::new()
        .insert_resource(ResolutionSettings {
            large: Vec2::new(1920.0, 1080.0),
            medium: Vec2::new(800.0, 600.0),
            small: Vec2::new(640.0, 360.0),
        })
        .add_plugins(DefaultPlugins)
        .add_systems(Startup, (setup_camera, setup_ui))
        .add_systems(Update, (on_resize_system, toggle_resolution))
        .run();
}

examples/animation/color_animation.rs (line 76)

fn spawn_curve_sprite<T: CurveColor>(commands: &mut Commands, y: f32, points: [T; 4]) {
    commands.spawn((
        SpriteBundle {
            transform: Transform::from_xyz(0., y, 0.),
            sprite: Sprite {
                custom_size: Some(Vec2::new(75., 75.)),
                ..Default::default()
            },
            ..Default::default()
        },
        Curve(CubicBezier::new([points]).to_curve()),
    ));
}

fn spawn_mixed_sprite<T: MixedColor>(commands: &mut Commands, y: f32, colors: [T; 4]) {
    commands.spawn((
        SpriteBundle {
            transform: Transform::from_xyz(0., y, 0.),
            sprite: Sprite {
                custom_size: Some(Vec2::new(75., 75.)),
                ..Default::default()
            },
            ..Default::default()
        },
        Mixed(colors),
    ));
}

Additional examples can be found in:

• examples/3d/motion_blur.rs
• tests/window/minimising.rs
• tests/window/resizing.rs
• examples/ecs/parallel_query.rs
• examples/shader/compute_shader_game_of_life.rs
• examples/stress_tests/many_glyphs.rs
• examples/2d/2d_shapes.rs
• examples/stress_tests/many_sprites.rs
• examples/gizmos/3d_gizmos.rs
• examples/gizmos/2d_gizmos.rs
• examples/2d/wireframe_2d.rs
• examples/stress_tests/many_animated_sprites.rs
• examples/2d/bounding_2d.rs
• examples/2d/sprite_slice.rs
• examples/stress_tests/many_cubes.rs
• examples/2d/text2d.rs

pub const fn splat(v: f32) -> Vec2

Creates a vector with all elements set to v.

Examples found in repository

examples/2d/sprite_tile.rs (line 48)

fn animate(mut sprites: Query<&mut Sprite>, mut state: ResMut<AnimationState>, time: Res<Time>) {
    if state.current >= state.max || state.current <= state.min {
        state.speed = -state.speed;
    };
    state.current += state.speed * time.delta_seconds();
    for mut sprite in &mut sprites {
        sprite.custom_size = Some(Vec2::splat(state.current));
    }
}

examples/2d/bounding_2d.rs (line 346)

fn aabb_cast_system(
    mut gizmos: Gizmos,
    time: Res<Time>,
    mut volumes: Query<(&CurrentVolume, &mut Intersects)>,
) {
    let ray_cast = get_and_draw_ray(&mut gizmos, &time);
    let aabb_cast = AabbCast2d {
        aabb: Aabb2d::new(Vec2::ZERO, Vec2::splat(15.)),
        ray: ray_cast,
    };

    for (volume, mut intersects) in volumes.iter_mut() {
        let toi = match *volume {
            CurrentVolume::Aabb(a) => aabb_cast.aabb_collision_at(a),
            CurrentVolume::Circle(_) => None,
        };

        **intersects = toi.is_some();
        if let Some(toi) = toi {
            gizmos.rect_2d(
                aabb_cast.ray.ray.origin + *aabb_cast.ray.ray.direction * toi,
                0.,
                aabb_cast.aabb.half_size() * 2.,
                LIME,
            );
        }
    }
}

fn bounding_circle_cast_system(
    mut gizmos: Gizmos,
    time: Res<Time>,
    mut volumes: Query<(&CurrentVolume, &mut Intersects)>,
) {
    let ray_cast = get_and_draw_ray(&mut gizmos, &time);
    let circle_cast = BoundingCircleCast {
        circle: BoundingCircle::new(Vec2::ZERO, 15.),
        ray: ray_cast,
    };

    for (volume, mut intersects) in volumes.iter_mut() {
        let toi = match *volume {
            CurrentVolume::Aabb(_) => None,
            CurrentVolume::Circle(c) => circle_cast.circle_collision_at(c),
        };

        **intersects = toi.is_some();
        if let Some(toi) = toi {
            gizmos.circle_2d(
                circle_cast.ray.ray.origin + *circle_cast.ray.ray.direction * toi,
                circle_cast.circle.radius(),
                LIME,
            );
        }
    }
}

fn get_intersection_position(time: &Time) -> Vec2 {
    let x = (0.8 * time.elapsed_seconds()).cos() * 250.;
    let y = (0.4 * time.elapsed_seconds()).sin() * 100.;
    Vec2::new(x, y)
}

fn aabb_intersection_system(
    mut gizmos: Gizmos,
    time: Res<Time>,
    mut volumes: Query<(&CurrentVolume, &mut Intersects)>,
) {
    let center = get_intersection_position(&time);
    let aabb = Aabb2d::new(center, Vec2::splat(50.));
    gizmos.rect_2d(center, 0., aabb.half_size() * 2., YELLOW);

    for (volume, mut intersects) in volumes.iter_mut() {
        let hit = match volume {
            CurrentVolume::Aabb(a) => aabb.intersects(a),
            CurrentVolume::Circle(c) => aabb.intersects(c),
        };

        **intersects = hit;
    }
}

examples/stress_tests/many_sprites.rs (line 63)

fn setup(mut commands: Commands, assets: Res<AssetServer>, color_tint: Res<ColorTint>) {
    warn!(include_str!("warning_string.txt"));

    let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();

    let tile_size = Vec2::splat(64.0);
    let map_size = Vec2::splat(320.0);

    let half_x = (map_size.x / 2.0) as i32;
    let half_y = (map_size.y / 2.0) as i32;

    let sprite_handle = assets.load("branding/icon.png");

    // Spawns the camera

    commands.spawn(Camera2dBundle::default());

    // Builds and spawns the sprites
    let mut sprites = vec![];
    for y in -half_y..half_y {
        for x in -half_x..half_x {
            let position = Vec2::new(x as f32, y as f32);
            let translation = (position * tile_size).extend(rng.gen::<f32>());
            let rotation = Quat::from_rotation_z(rng.gen::<f32>());
            let scale = Vec3::splat(rng.gen::<f32>() * 2.0);

            sprites.push(SpriteBundle {
                texture: sprite_handle.clone(),
                transform: Transform {
                    translation,
                    rotation,
                    scale,
                },
                sprite: Sprite {
                    custom_size: Some(tile_size),
                    color: if color_tint.0 {
                        COLORS[rng.gen_range(0..3)]
                    } else {
                        Color::WHITE
                    },
                    ..default()
                },
                ..default()
            });
        }
    }
    commands.spawn_batch(sprites);
}

examples/gizmos/3d_gizmos.rs (line 105)

fn draw_example_collection(
    mut gizmos: Gizmos,
    mut my_gizmos: Gizmos<MyRoundGizmos>,
    time: Res<Time>,
) {
    gizmos.grid(
        Vec3::ZERO,
        Quat::from_rotation_x(PI / 2.),
        UVec2::splat(20),
        Vec2::new(2., 2.),
        // Light gray
        LinearRgba::gray(0.65),
    );

    gizmos.cuboid(
        Transform::from_translation(Vec3::Y * 0.5).with_scale(Vec3::splat(1.25)),
        BLACK,
    );
    gizmos.rect(
        Vec3::new(time.elapsed_seconds().cos() * 2.5, 1., 0.),
        Quat::from_rotation_y(PI / 2.),
        Vec2::splat(2.),
        LIME,
    );

    my_gizmos.sphere(Vec3::new(1., 0.5, 0.), Quat::IDENTITY, 0.5, RED);

    for y in [0., 0.5, 1.] {
        gizmos.ray(
            Vec3::new(1., y, 0.),
            Vec3::new(-3., (time.elapsed_seconds() * 3.).sin(), 0.),
            BLUE,
        );
    }

    my_gizmos
        .arc_3d(
            180.0_f32.to_radians(),
            0.2,
            Vec3::ONE,
            Quat::from_rotation_arc(Vec3::Y, Vec3::ONE.normalize()),
            ORANGE,
        )
        .segments(10);

    // Circles have 32 line-segments by default.
    my_gizmos.circle(Vec3::ZERO, Dir3::Y, 3., BLACK);
    // You may want to increase this for larger circles or spheres.
    my_gizmos
        .circle(Vec3::ZERO, Dir3::Y, 3.1, NAVY)
        .segments(64);
    my_gizmos
        .sphere(Vec3::ZERO, Quat::IDENTITY, 3.2, BLACK)
        .circle_segments(64);

    gizmos.arrow(Vec3::ZERO, Vec3::ONE * 1.5, YELLOW);

    // You can create more complex arrows using the arrow builder.
    gizmos
        .arrow(Vec3::new(2., 0., 2.), Vec3::new(2., 2., 2.), ORANGE_RED)
        .with_double_end()
        .with_tip_length(0.5);
}

examples/gizmos/2d_gizmos.rs (line 43)

fn draw_example_collection(
    mut gizmos: Gizmos,
    mut my_gizmos: Gizmos<MyRoundGizmos>,
    time: Res<Time>,
) {
    let sin = time.elapsed_seconds().sin() * 50.;
    gizmos.line_2d(Vec2::Y * -sin, Vec2::splat(-80.), RED);
    gizmos.ray_2d(Vec2::Y * sin, Vec2::splat(80.), LIME);

    gizmos
        .grid_2d(
            Vec2::ZERO,
            0.0,
            UVec2::new(16, 12),
            Vec2::new(60., 60.),
            // Light gray
            LinearRgba::gray(0.65),
        )
        .outer_edges();

    // Triangle
    gizmos.linestrip_gradient_2d([
        (Vec2::Y * 300., BLUE),
        (Vec2::new(-255., -155.), RED),
        (Vec2::new(255., -155.), LIME),
        (Vec2::Y * 300., BLUE),
    ]);

    gizmos.rect_2d(
        Vec2::ZERO,
        time.elapsed_seconds() / 3.,
        Vec2::splat(300.),
        BLACK,
    );

    // The circles have 32 line-segments by default.
    my_gizmos.circle_2d(Vec2::ZERO, 120., BLACK);
    my_gizmos.ellipse_2d(
        Vec2::ZERO,
        time.elapsed_seconds() % TAU,
        Vec2::new(100., 200.),
        YELLOW_GREEN,
    );
    // You may want to increase this for larger circles.
    my_gizmos.circle_2d(Vec2::ZERO, 300., NAVY).segments(64);

    // Arcs default amount of segments is linearly interpolated between
    // 1 and 32, using the arc length as scalar.
    my_gizmos.arc_2d(Vec2::ZERO, sin / 10., PI / 2., 350., ORANGE_RED);

    gizmos.arrow_2d(
        Vec2::ZERO,
        Vec2::from_angle(sin / -10. + PI / 2.) * 50.,
        YELLOW,
    );

    // You can create more complex arrows using the arrow builder.
    gizmos
        .arrow_2d(Vec2::ZERO, Vec2::from_angle(sin / -10.) * 50., GREEN)
        .with_double_end()
        .with_tip_length(10.);
}

examples/stress_tests/many_animated_sprites.rs (line 60)

fn setup(
    mut commands: Commands,
    assets: Res<AssetServer>,
    mut texture_atlases: ResMut<Assets<TextureAtlasLayout>>,
) {
    warn!(include_str!("warning_string.txt"));

    let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();

    let tile_size = Vec2::splat(64.0);
    let map_size = Vec2::splat(320.0);

    let half_x = (map_size.x / 2.0) as i32;
    let half_y = (map_size.y / 2.0) as i32;

    let texture_handle = assets.load("textures/rpg/chars/gabe/gabe-idle-run.png");
    let texture_atlas = TextureAtlasLayout::from_grid(UVec2::splat(24), 7, 1, None, None);
    let texture_atlas_handle = texture_atlases.add(texture_atlas);

    // Spawns the camera

    commands.spawn(Camera2dBundle::default());

    // Builds and spawns the sprites
    for y in -half_y..half_y {
        for x in -half_x..half_x {
            let position = Vec2::new(x as f32, y as f32);
            let translation = (position * tile_size).extend(rng.gen::<f32>());
            let rotation = Quat::from_rotation_z(rng.gen::<f32>());
            let scale = Vec3::splat(rng.gen::<f32>() * 2.0);
            let mut timer = Timer::from_seconds(0.1, TimerMode::Repeating);
            timer.set_elapsed(Duration::from_secs_f32(rng.gen::<f32>()));

            commands.spawn((
                SpriteBundle {
                    texture: texture_handle.clone(),
                    transform: Transform {
                        translation,
                        rotation,
                        scale,
                    },
                    sprite: Sprite {
                        custom_size: Some(tile_size),
                        ..default()
                    },
                    ..default()
                },
                TextureAtlas::from(texture_atlas_handle.clone()),
                AnimationTimer(timer),
            ));
        }
    }
}

Additional examples can be found in:

• examples/games/contributors.rs
• examples/2d/bloom_2d.rs
• examples/audio/spatial_audio_2d.rs
• examples/time/virtual_time.rs
• examples/2d/sprite_slice.rs
• examples/stress_tests/bevymark.rs
• examples/stress_tests/many_cubes.rs
• examples/tools/gamepad_viewer.rs
• examples/games/breakout.rs
• examples/games/desk_toy.rs

pub fn select(mask: BVec2, if_true: Vec2, if_false: Vec2) -> Vec2

Creates a vector from the elements in if_true and if_false, selecting which to use for each element of self.

A true element in the mask uses the corresponding element from if_true, and false uses the element from if_false.

pub const fn from_array(a: [f32; 2]) -> Vec2

Creates a new vector from an array.

pub const fn to_array(&self) -> [f32; 2]

[x, y]

pub const fn from_slice(slice: &[f32]) -> Vec2

Creates a vector from the first 2 values in slice.

Panics

Panics if slice is less than 2 elements long.

pub fn write_to_slice(self, slice: &mut [f32])

Writes the elements of self to the first 2 elements in slice.

Panics

Panics if slice is less than 2 elements long.

pub const fn extend(self, z: f32) -> Vec3

Creates a 3D vector from self and the given z value.

Examples found in repository

examples/3d/reflection_probes.rs (line 325)

fn rotate_camera(
    time: Res<Time>,
    mut camera_query: Query<&mut Transform, With<Camera3d>>,
    app_status: Res<AppStatus>,
) {
    if !app_status.rotating {
        return;
    }

    for mut transform in camera_query.iter_mut() {
        transform.translation = Vec2::from_angle(time.delta_seconds() * PI / 5.0)
            .rotate(transform.translation.xz())
            .extend(transform.translation.y)
            .xzy();
        transform.look_at(Vec3::ZERO, Vec3::Y);
    }
}

examples/3d/irradiance_volumes.rs (line 388)

fn rotate_camera(
    mut camera_query: Query<&mut Transform, With<Camera3d>>,
    time: Res<Time>,
    app_status: Res<AppStatus>,
) {
    if !app_status.rotating {
        return;
    }

    for mut transform in camera_query.iter_mut() {
        transform.translation = Vec2::from_angle(ROTATION_SPEED * time.delta_seconds())
            .rotate(transform.translation.xz())
            .extend(transform.translation.y)
            .xzy();
        transform.look_at(Vec3::ZERO, Vec3::Y);
    }
}

examples/ecs/parallel_query.rs (line 43)

fn move_system(mut sprites: Query<(&mut Transform, &Velocity)>) {
    // Compute the new location of each sprite in parallel on the
    // ComputeTaskPool
    //
    // This example is only for demonstrative purposes. Using a
    // ParallelIterator for an inexpensive operation like addition on only 128
    // elements will not typically be faster than just using a normal Iterator.
    // See the ParallelIterator documentation for more information on when
    // to use or not use ParallelIterator over a normal Iterator.
    sprites
        .par_iter_mut()
        .for_each(|(mut transform, velocity)| {
            transform.translation += velocity.extend(0.0);
        });
}

examples/stress_tests/many_gizmos.rs (line 73)

fn system(config: Res<Config>, time: Res<Time>, mut draw: Gizmos) {
    if !config.fancy {
        for _ in 0..(config.line_count / SYSTEM_COUNT) {
            draw.line(Vec3::NEG_Y, Vec3::Y, Color::BLACK);
        }
    } else {
        for i in 0..(config.line_count / SYSTEM_COUNT) {
            let angle = i as f32 / (config.line_count / SYSTEM_COUNT) as f32 * TAU;

            let vector = Vec2::from(angle.sin_cos()).extend(time.elapsed_seconds().sin());
            let start_color = LinearRgba::rgb(vector.x, vector.z, 0.5);
            let end_color = LinearRgba::rgb(-vector.z, -vector.y, 0.5);

            draw.line_gradient(vector, -vector, start_color, end_color);
        }
    }
}

examples/2d/rotation.rs (line 173)

fn snap_to_player_system(
    mut query: Query<&mut Transform, (With<SnapToPlayer>, Without<Player>)>,
    player_query: Query<&Transform, With<Player>>,
) {
    let player_transform = player_query.single();
    // get the player translation in 2D
    let player_translation = player_transform.translation.xy();

    for mut enemy_transform in &mut query {
        // get the vector from the enemy ship to the player ship in 2D and normalize it.
        let to_player = (player_translation - enemy_transform.translation.xy()).normalize();

        // get the quaternion to rotate from the initial enemy facing direction to the direction
        // facing the player
        let rotate_to_player = Quat::from_rotation_arc(Vec3::Y, to_player.extend(0.));

        // rotate the enemy to face the player
        enemy_transform.rotation = rotate_to_player;
    }
}

examples/games/breakout.rs (line 161)

    fn new(location: WallLocation) -> WallBundle {
        WallBundle {
            sprite_bundle: SpriteBundle {
                transform: Transform {
                    // We need to convert our Vec2 into a Vec3, by giving it a z-coordinate
                    // This is used to determine the order of our sprites
                    translation: location.position().extend(0.0),
                    // The z-scale of 2D objects must always be 1.0,
                    // or their ordering will be affected in surprising ways.
                    // See https://github.com/bevyengine/bevy/issues/4149
                    scale: location.size().extend(1.0),
                    ..default()
                },
                sprite: Sprite {
                    color: WALL_COLOR,
                    ..default()
                },
                ..default()
            },
            collider: Collider,
        }
    }
}

// This resource tracks the game's score
#[derive(Resource, Deref, DerefMut)]
struct Score(usize);

#[derive(Component)]
struct ScoreboardUi;

// Add the game's entities to our world
fn setup(
    mut commands: Commands,
    mut meshes: ResMut<Assets<Mesh>>,
    mut materials: ResMut<Assets<ColorMaterial>>,
    asset_server: Res<AssetServer>,
) {
    // Camera
    commands.spawn(Camera2dBundle::default());

    // Sound
    let ball_collision_sound = asset_server.load("sounds/breakout_collision.ogg");
    commands.insert_resource(CollisionSound(ball_collision_sound));

    // Paddle
    let paddle_y = BOTTOM_WALL + GAP_BETWEEN_PADDLE_AND_FLOOR;

    commands.spawn((
        SpriteBundle {
            transform: Transform {
                translation: Vec3::new(0.0, paddle_y, 0.0),
                scale: PADDLE_SIZE.extend(1.0),
                ..default()
            },
            sprite: Sprite {
                color: PADDLE_COLOR,
                ..default()
            },
            ..default()
        },
        Paddle,
        Collider,
    ));

    // Ball
    commands.spawn((
        MaterialMesh2dBundle {
            mesh: meshes.add(Circle::default()).into(),
            material: materials.add(BALL_COLOR),
            transform: Transform::from_translation(BALL_STARTING_POSITION)
                .with_scale(Vec2::splat(BALL_DIAMETER).extend(1.)),
            ..default()
        },
        Ball,
        Velocity(INITIAL_BALL_DIRECTION.normalize() * BALL_SPEED),
    ));

    // Scoreboard
    commands.spawn((
        ScoreboardUi,
        TextBundle::from_sections([
            TextSection::new(
                "Score: ",
                TextStyle {
                    font_size: SCOREBOARD_FONT_SIZE,
                    color: TEXT_COLOR,
                    ..default()
                },
            ),
            TextSection::from_style(TextStyle {
                font_size: SCOREBOARD_FONT_SIZE,
                color: SCORE_COLOR,
                ..default()
            }),
        ])
        .with_style(Style {
            position_type: PositionType::Absolute,
            top: SCOREBOARD_TEXT_PADDING,
            left: SCOREBOARD_TEXT_PADDING,
            ..default()
        }),
    ));

    // Walls
    commands.spawn(WallBundle::new(WallLocation::Left));
    commands.spawn(WallBundle::new(WallLocation::Right));
    commands.spawn(WallBundle::new(WallLocation::Bottom));
    commands.spawn(WallBundle::new(WallLocation::Top));

    // Bricks
    let total_width_of_bricks = (RIGHT_WALL - LEFT_WALL) - 2. * GAP_BETWEEN_BRICKS_AND_SIDES;
    let bottom_edge_of_bricks = paddle_y + GAP_BETWEEN_PADDLE_AND_BRICKS;
    let total_height_of_bricks = TOP_WALL - bottom_edge_of_bricks - GAP_BETWEEN_BRICKS_AND_CEILING;

    assert!(total_width_of_bricks > 0.0);
    assert!(total_height_of_bricks > 0.0);

    // Given the space available, compute how many rows and columns of bricks we can fit
    let n_columns = (total_width_of_bricks / (BRICK_SIZE.x + GAP_BETWEEN_BRICKS)).floor() as usize;
    let n_rows = (total_height_of_bricks / (BRICK_SIZE.y + GAP_BETWEEN_BRICKS)).floor() as usize;
    let n_vertical_gaps = n_columns - 1;

    // Because we need to round the number of columns,
    // the space on the top and sides of the bricks only captures a lower bound, not an exact value
    let center_of_bricks = (LEFT_WALL + RIGHT_WALL) / 2.0;
    let left_edge_of_bricks = center_of_bricks
        // Space taken up by the bricks
        - (n_columns as f32 / 2.0 * BRICK_SIZE.x)
        // Space taken up by the gaps
        - n_vertical_gaps as f32 / 2.0 * GAP_BETWEEN_BRICKS;

    // In Bevy, the `translation` of an entity describes the center point,
    // not its bottom-left corner
    let offset_x = left_edge_of_bricks + BRICK_SIZE.x / 2.;
    let offset_y = bottom_edge_of_bricks + BRICK_SIZE.y / 2.;

    for row in 0..n_rows {
        for column in 0..n_columns {
            let brick_position = Vec2::new(
                offset_x + column as f32 * (BRICK_SIZE.x + GAP_BETWEEN_BRICKS),
                offset_y + row as f32 * (BRICK_SIZE.y + GAP_BETWEEN_BRICKS),
            );

            // brick
            commands.spawn((
                SpriteBundle {
                    sprite: Sprite {
                        color: BRICK_COLOR,
                        ..default()
                    },
                    transform: Transform {
                        translation: brick_position.extend(0.0),
                        scale: Vec3::new(BRICK_SIZE.x, BRICK_SIZE.y, 1.0),
                        ..default()
                    },
                    ..default()
                },
                Brick,
                Collider,
            ));
        }
    }
}

Additional examples can be found in:

• examples/stress_tests/many_sprites.rs
• examples/stress_tests/many_animated_sprites.rs
• examples/time/virtual_time.rs
• examples/tools/gamepad_viewer.rs
• examples/2d/text2d.rs
• examples/games/desk_toy.rs

pub fn dot(self, rhs: Vec2) -> f32

Computes the dot product of self and rhs.

Examples found in repository

examples/2d/rotation.rs (line 218)

fn rotate_to_player_system(
    time: Res<Time>,
    mut query: Query<(&RotateToPlayer, &mut Transform), Without<Player>>,
    player_query: Query<&Transform, With<Player>>,
) {
    let player_transform = player_query.single();
    // get the player translation in 2D
    let player_translation = player_transform.translation.xy();

    for (config, mut enemy_transform) in &mut query {
        // get the enemy ship forward vector in 2D (already unit length)
        let enemy_forward = (enemy_transform.rotation * Vec3::Y).xy();

        // get the vector from the enemy ship to the player ship in 2D and normalize it.
        let to_player = (player_translation - enemy_transform.translation.xy()).normalize();

        // get the dot product between the enemy forward vector and the direction to the player.
        let forward_dot_player = enemy_forward.dot(to_player);

        // if the dot product is approximately 1.0 then the enemy is already facing the player and
        // we can early out.
        if (forward_dot_player - 1.0).abs() < f32::EPSILON {
            continue;
        }

        // get the right vector of the enemy ship in 2D (already unit length)
        let enemy_right = (enemy_transform.rotation * Vec3::X).xy();

        // get the dot product of the enemy right vector and the direction to the player ship.
        // if the dot product is negative them we need to rotate counter clockwise, if it is
        // positive we need to rotate clockwise. Note that `copysign` will still return 1.0 if the
        // dot product is 0.0 (because the player is directly behind the enemy, so perpendicular
        // with the right vector).
        let right_dot_player = enemy_right.dot(to_player);

        // determine the sign of rotation from the right dot player. We need to negate the sign
        // here as the 2D bevy co-ordinate system rotates around +Z, which is pointing out of the
        // screen. Due to the right hand rule, positive rotation around +Z is counter clockwise and
        // negative is clockwise.
        let rotation_sign = -f32::copysign(1.0, right_dot_player);

        // limit rotation so we don't overshoot the target. We need to convert our dot product to
        // an angle here so we can get an angle of rotation to clamp against.
        let max_angle = forward_dot_player.clamp(-1.0, 1.0).acos(); // clamp acos for safety

        // calculate angle of rotation with limit
        let rotation_angle =
            rotation_sign * (config.rotation_speed * time.delta_seconds()).min(max_angle);

        // rotate the enemy to face the player
        enemy_transform.rotate_z(rotation_angle);
    }
}

pub fn dot_into_vec(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Returns a vector where every component is the dot product of self and rhs.

pub fn min(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Returns a vector containing the minimum values for each element of self and rhs.

In other words this computes [self.x.min(rhs.x), self.y.min(rhs.y), ..].

pub fn max(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Returns a vector containing the maximum values for each element of self and rhs.

In other words this computes [self.x.max(rhs.x), self.y.max(rhs.y), ..].

pub fn clamp(self, min: Vec2, max: Vec2) -> Vec2

Component-wise clamping of values, similar to f32::clamp.

Each element in min must be less-or-equal to the corresponding element in max.

Panics

Will panic if min is greater than max when glam_assert is enabled.

pub fn min_element(self) -> f32

Returns the horizontal minimum of self.

In other words this computes min(x, y, ..).

pub fn max_element(self) -> f32

Returns the horizontal maximum of self.

In other words this computes max(x, y, ..).

pub fn cmpeq(self, rhs: Vec2) -> BVec2

Returns a vector mask containing the result of a == comparison for each element of self and rhs.

In other words, this computes [self.x == rhs.x, self.y == rhs.y, ..] for all elements.

pub fn cmpne(self, rhs: Vec2) -> BVec2

Returns a vector mask containing the result of a != comparison for each element of self and rhs.

In other words this computes [self.x != rhs.x, self.y != rhs.y, ..] for all elements.

pub fn cmpge(self, rhs: Vec2) -> BVec2

Returns a vector mask containing the result of a >= comparison for each element of self and rhs.

In other words this computes [self.x >= rhs.x, self.y >= rhs.y, ..] for all elements.

pub fn cmpgt(self, rhs: Vec2) -> BVec2

Returns a vector mask containing the result of a > comparison for each element of self and rhs.

In other words this computes [self.x > rhs.x, self.y > rhs.y, ..] for all elements.

pub fn cmple(self, rhs: Vec2) -> BVec2

Returns a vector mask containing the result of a <= comparison for each element of self and rhs.

In other words this computes [self.x <= rhs.x, self.y <= rhs.y, ..] for all elements.

pub fn cmplt(self, rhs: Vec2) -> BVec2

Returns a vector mask containing the result of a < comparison for each element of self and rhs.

In other words this computes [self.x < rhs.x, self.y < rhs.y, ..] for all elements.

pub fn abs(self) -> Vec2

Returns a vector containing the absolute value of each element of self.

pub fn signum(self) -> Vec2

Returns a vector with elements representing the sign of self.

• 1.0 if the number is positive, +0.0 or INFINITY
• -1.0 if the number is negative, -0.0 or NEG_INFINITY
• NAN if the number is NAN

pub fn copysign(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Returns a vector with signs of rhs and the magnitudes of self.

pub fn is_negative_bitmask(self) -> u32

Returns a bitmask with the lowest 2 bits set to the sign bits from the elements of self.

A negative element results in a 1 bit and a positive element in a 0 bit. Element x goes into the first lowest bit, element y into the second, etc.

pub fn is_finite(self) -> bool

Returns true if, and only if, all elements are finite. If any element is either NaN, positive or negative infinity, this will return false.

pub fn is_nan(self) -> bool

Returns true if any elements are NaN.

pub fn is_nan_mask(self) -> BVec2

Performs is_nan on each element of self, returning a vector mask of the results.

In other words, this computes [x.is_nan(), y.is_nan(), z.is_nan(), w.is_nan()].

pub fn length(self) -> f32

Computes the length of self.

Examples found in repository

examples/games/desk_toy.rs (line 274)

fn start_drag(
    mut commands: Commands,
    cursor_world_pos: Res<CursorWorldPos>,
    q_bevy_logo: Query<&Transform, With<BevyLogo>>,
) {
    // If the cursor is not within the primary window skip this system
    let Some(cursor_world_pos) = cursor_world_pos.0 else {
        return;
    };

    // Get the offset from the cursor to the Bevy logo sprite
    let bevy_logo_transform = q_bevy_logo.single();
    let drag_offset = bevy_logo_transform.translation.truncate() - cursor_world_pos;

    // If the cursor is within the Bevy logo radius start the drag operation and remember the offset of the cursor from the origin
    if drag_offset.length() < BEVY_LOGO_RADIUS {
        commands.insert_resource(DragOperation(drag_offset));
    }
}

/// Stop the current drag operation
fn end_drag(mut commands: Commands) {
    commands.remove_resource::<DragOperation>();
}

/// Drag the Bevy logo
fn drag(
    drag_offset: Res<DragOperation>,
    cursor_world_pos: Res<CursorWorldPos>,
    time: Res<Time>,
    mut q_bevy_logo: Query<&mut Transform, With<BevyLogo>>,
    mut q_pupils: Query<&mut Pupil>,
) {
    // If the cursor is not within the primary window skip this system
    let Some(cursor_world_pos) = cursor_world_pos.0 else {
        return;
    };

    // Get the current Bevy logo transform
    let mut bevy_transform = q_bevy_logo.single_mut();

    // Calculate the new translation of the Bevy logo based on cursor and drag offset
    let new_translation = cursor_world_pos + drag_offset.0;

    // Calculate how fast we are dragging the Bevy logo (unit/second)
    let drag_velocity =
        (new_translation - bevy_transform.translation.truncate()) / time.delta_seconds();

    // Update the translation of Bevy logo transform to new translation
    bevy_transform.translation = new_translation.extend(bevy_transform.translation.z);

    // Add the cursor drag velocity in the opposite direction to each pupil.
    // Remember pupils are using local coordinates to move. So when the Bevy logo moves right they need to move left to
    // simulate inertia, otherwise they will move fixed to the parent.
    for mut pupil in &mut q_pupils {
        pupil.velocity -= drag_velocity;
    }
}

/// Quit when the user right clicks the Bevy logo
fn quit(
    cursor_world_pos: Res<CursorWorldPos>,
    mut app_exit: EventWriter<AppExit>,
    q_bevy_logo: Query<&Transform, With<BevyLogo>>,
) {
    // If the cursor is not within the primary window skip this system
    let Some(cursor_world_pos) = cursor_world_pos.0 else {
        return;
    };

    // If the cursor is within the Bevy logo radius send the [`AppExit`] event to quit the app
    let bevy_logo_transform = q_bevy_logo.single();
    if bevy_logo_transform
        .translation
        .truncate()
        .distance(cursor_world_pos)
        < BEVY_LOGO_RADIUS
    {
        app_exit.send(AppExit::Success);
    }
}

/// Enable transparency for the window and make it on top
fn toggle_transparency(
    mut commands: Commands,
    mut window_transparency: ResMut<WindowTransparency>,
    mut q_instructions_text: Query<&mut Visibility, With<InstructionsText>>,
    mut q_primary_window: Query<&mut Window, With<PrimaryWindow>>,
) {
    // Toggle the window transparency resource
    window_transparency.0 = !window_transparency.0;

    // Show or hide the instructions text
    for mut visibility in &mut q_instructions_text {
        *visibility = if window_transparency.0 {
            Visibility::Hidden
        } else {
            Visibility::Visible
        };
    }

    // Remove the primary window's decorations (e.g. borders), make it always on top of other desktop windows, and set the clear color to transparent
    // only if window transparency is enabled
    let mut window = q_primary_window.single_mut();
    let clear_color;
    (window.decorations, window.window_level, clear_color) = if window_transparency.0 {
        (false, WindowLevel::AlwaysOnTop, Color::NONE)
    } else {
        (true, WindowLevel::Normal, WINDOW_CLEAR_COLOR)
    };

    // Set the clear color
    commands.insert_resource(ClearColor(clear_color));
}

/// Move the pupils and bounce them around
fn move_pupils(time: Res<Time>, mut q_pupils: Query<(&mut Pupil, &mut Transform)>) {
    for (mut pupil, mut transform) in &mut q_pupils {
        // The wiggle radius is how much the pupil can move within the eye
        let wiggle_radius = pupil.eye_radius - pupil.pupil_radius;
        // Store the Z component
        let z = transform.translation.z;
        // Truncate the Z component to make the calculations be on [`Vec2`]
        let mut translation = transform.translation.truncate();
        // Decay the pupil velocity
        pupil.velocity *= (0.04f32).powf(time.delta_seconds());
        // Move the pupil
        translation += pupil.velocity * time.delta_seconds();
        // If the pupil hit the outside border of the eye, limit the translation to be within the wiggle radius and invert the velocity.
        // This is not physically accurate but it's good enough for the googly eyes effect.
        if translation.length() > wiggle_radius {
            translation = translation.normalize() * wiggle_radius;
            // Invert and decrease the velocity of the pupil when it bounces
            pupil.velocity *= -0.75;
        }
        // Update the entity transform with the new translation after reading the Z component
        transform.translation = translation.extend(z);
    }
}

pub fn length_squared(self) -> f32

Computes the squared length of self.

This is faster than length() as it avoids a square root operation.

pub fn length_recip(self) -> f32

Computes 1.0 / length().

For valid results, self must not be of length zero.

pub fn distance(self, rhs: Vec2) -> f32

Computes the Euclidean distance between two points in space.

Examples found in repository

examples/games/desk_toy.rs (line 254)

fn update_cursor_hit_test(
    cursor_world_pos: Res<CursorWorldPos>,
    mut q_primary_window: Query<&mut Window, With<PrimaryWindow>>,
    q_bevy_logo: Query<&Transform, With<BevyLogo>>,
) {
    let mut primary_window = q_primary_window.single_mut();

    // If the window has decorations (e.g. a border) then it should be clickable
    if primary_window.decorations {
        primary_window.cursor.hit_test = true;
        return;
    }

    // If the cursor is not within the window we don't need to update whether the window is clickable or not
    let Some(cursor_world_pos) = cursor_world_pos.0 else {
        return;
    };

    // If the cursor is within the radius of the Bevy logo make the window clickable otherwise the window is not clickable
    let bevy_logo_transform = q_bevy_logo.single();
    primary_window.cursor.hit_test = bevy_logo_transform
        .translation
        .truncate()
        .distance(cursor_world_pos)
        < BEVY_LOGO_RADIUS;
}

/// Start the drag operation and record the offset we started dragging from
fn start_drag(
    mut commands: Commands,
    cursor_world_pos: Res<CursorWorldPos>,
    q_bevy_logo: Query<&Transform, With<BevyLogo>>,
) {
    // If the cursor is not within the primary window skip this system
    let Some(cursor_world_pos) = cursor_world_pos.0 else {
        return;
    };

    // Get the offset from the cursor to the Bevy logo sprite
    let bevy_logo_transform = q_bevy_logo.single();
    let drag_offset = bevy_logo_transform.translation.truncate() - cursor_world_pos;

    // If the cursor is within the Bevy logo radius start the drag operation and remember the offset of the cursor from the origin
    if drag_offset.length() < BEVY_LOGO_RADIUS {
        commands.insert_resource(DragOperation(drag_offset));
    }
}

/// Stop the current drag operation
fn end_drag(mut commands: Commands) {
    commands.remove_resource::<DragOperation>();
}

/// Drag the Bevy logo
fn drag(
    drag_offset: Res<DragOperation>,
    cursor_world_pos: Res<CursorWorldPos>,
    time: Res<Time>,
    mut q_bevy_logo: Query<&mut Transform, With<BevyLogo>>,
    mut q_pupils: Query<&mut Pupil>,
) {
    // If the cursor is not within the primary window skip this system
    let Some(cursor_world_pos) = cursor_world_pos.0 else {
        return;
    };

    // Get the current Bevy logo transform
    let mut bevy_transform = q_bevy_logo.single_mut();

    // Calculate the new translation of the Bevy logo based on cursor and drag offset
    let new_translation = cursor_world_pos + drag_offset.0;

    // Calculate how fast we are dragging the Bevy logo (unit/second)
    let drag_velocity =
        (new_translation - bevy_transform.translation.truncate()) / time.delta_seconds();

    // Update the translation of Bevy logo transform to new translation
    bevy_transform.translation = new_translation.extend(bevy_transform.translation.z);

    // Add the cursor drag velocity in the opposite direction to each pupil.
    // Remember pupils are using local coordinates to move. So when the Bevy logo moves right they need to move left to
    // simulate inertia, otherwise they will move fixed to the parent.
    for mut pupil in &mut q_pupils {
        pupil.velocity -= drag_velocity;
    }
}

/// Quit when the user right clicks the Bevy logo
fn quit(
    cursor_world_pos: Res<CursorWorldPos>,
    mut app_exit: EventWriter<AppExit>,
    q_bevy_logo: Query<&Transform, With<BevyLogo>>,
) {
    // If the cursor is not within the primary window skip this system
    let Some(cursor_world_pos) = cursor_world_pos.0 else {
        return;
    };

    // If the cursor is within the Bevy logo radius send the [`AppExit`] event to quit the app
    let bevy_logo_transform = q_bevy_logo.single();
    if bevy_logo_transform
        .translation
        .truncate()
        .distance(cursor_world_pos)
        < BEVY_LOGO_RADIUS
    {
        app_exit.send(AppExit::Success);
    }
}

pub fn distance_squared(self, rhs: Vec2) -> f32

Compute the squared euclidean distance between two points in space.

pub fn div_euclid(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Returns the element-wise quotient of [Euclidean division] of self by rhs.

pub fn rem_euclid(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Returns the element-wise remainder of Euclidean division of self by rhs.

pub fn normalize(self) -> Vec2

Returns self normalized to length 1.0.

For valid results, self must not be of length zero, nor very close to zero.

See also Self::try_normalize() and Self::normalize_or_zero().

Panics

Will panic if self is zero length when glam_assert is enabled.

Examples found in repository

examples/2d/rotation.rs (line 169)

fn snap_to_player_system(
    mut query: Query<&mut Transform, (With<SnapToPlayer>, Without<Player>)>,
    player_query: Query<&Transform, With<Player>>,
) {
    let player_transform = player_query.single();
    // get the player translation in 2D
    let player_translation = player_transform.translation.xy();

    for mut enemy_transform in &mut query {
        // get the vector from the enemy ship to the player ship in 2D and normalize it.
        let to_player = (player_translation - enemy_transform.translation.xy()).normalize();

        // get the quaternion to rotate from the initial enemy facing direction to the direction
        // facing the player
        let rotate_to_player = Quat::from_rotation_arc(Vec3::Y, to_player.extend(0.));

        // rotate the enemy to face the player
        enemy_transform.rotation = rotate_to_player;
    }
}

/// Demonstrates rotating an enemy ship to face the player ship at a given rotation speed.
///
/// This method uses the vector dot product to determine if the enemy is facing the player and
/// if not, which way to rotate to face the player. The dot product on two unit length vectors
/// will return a value between -1.0 and +1.0 which tells us the following about the two vectors:
///
/// * If the result is 1.0 the vectors are pointing in the same direction, the angle between them is
///   0 degrees.
/// * If the result is 0.0 the vectors are perpendicular, the angle between them is 90 degrees.
/// * If the result is -1.0 the vectors are parallel but pointing in opposite directions, the angle
///   between them is 180 degrees.
/// * If the result is positive the vectors are pointing in roughly the same direction, the angle
///   between them is greater than 0 and less than 90 degrees.
/// * If the result is negative the vectors are pointing in roughly opposite directions, the angle
///   between them is greater than 90 and less than 180 degrees.
///
/// It is possible to get the angle by taking the arc cosine (`acos`) of the dot product. It is
/// often unnecessary to do this though. Beware than `acos` will return `NaN` if the input is less
/// than -1.0 or greater than 1.0. This can happen even when working with unit vectors due to
/// floating point precision loss, so it pays to clamp your dot product value before calling
/// `acos`.
fn rotate_to_player_system(
    time: Res<Time>,
    mut query: Query<(&RotateToPlayer, &mut Transform), Without<Player>>,
    player_query: Query<&Transform, With<Player>>,
) {
    let player_transform = player_query.single();
    // get the player translation in 2D
    let player_translation = player_transform.translation.xy();

    for (config, mut enemy_transform) in &mut query {
        // get the enemy ship forward vector in 2D (already unit length)
        let enemy_forward = (enemy_transform.rotation * Vec3::Y).xy();

        // get the vector from the enemy ship to the player ship in 2D and normalize it.
        let to_player = (player_translation - enemy_transform.translation.xy()).normalize();

        // get the dot product between the enemy forward vector and the direction to the player.
        let forward_dot_player = enemy_forward.dot(to_player);

        // if the dot product is approximately 1.0 then the enemy is already facing the player and
        // we can early out.
        if (forward_dot_player - 1.0).abs() < f32::EPSILON {
            continue;
        }

        // get the right vector of the enemy ship in 2D (already unit length)
        let enemy_right = (enemy_transform.rotation * Vec3::X).xy();

        // get the dot product of the enemy right vector and the direction to the player ship.
        // if the dot product is negative them we need to rotate counter clockwise, if it is
        // positive we need to rotate clockwise. Note that `copysign` will still return 1.0 if the
        // dot product is 0.0 (because the player is directly behind the enemy, so perpendicular
        // with the right vector).
        let right_dot_player = enemy_right.dot(to_player);

        // determine the sign of rotation from the right dot player. We need to negate the sign
        // here as the 2D bevy co-ordinate system rotates around +Z, which is pointing out of the
        // screen. Due to the right hand rule, positive rotation around +Z is counter clockwise and
        // negative is clockwise.
        let rotation_sign = -f32::copysign(1.0, right_dot_player);

        // limit rotation so we don't overshoot the target. We need to convert our dot product to
        // an angle here so we can get an angle of rotation to clamp against.
        let max_angle = forward_dot_player.clamp(-1.0, 1.0).acos(); // clamp acos for safety

        // calculate angle of rotation with limit
        let rotation_angle =
            rotation_sign * (config.rotation_speed * time.delta_seconds()).min(max_angle);

        // rotate the enemy to face the player
        enemy_transform.rotate_z(rotation_angle);
    }
}

examples/games/desk_toy.rs (line 390)

fn move_pupils(time: Res<Time>, mut q_pupils: Query<(&mut Pupil, &mut Transform)>) {
    for (mut pupil, mut transform) in &mut q_pupils {
        // The wiggle radius is how much the pupil can move within the eye
        let wiggle_radius = pupil.eye_radius - pupil.pupil_radius;
        // Store the Z component
        let z = transform.translation.z;
        // Truncate the Z component to make the calculations be on [`Vec2`]
        let mut translation = transform.translation.truncate();
        // Decay the pupil velocity
        pupil.velocity *= (0.04f32).powf(time.delta_seconds());
        // Move the pupil
        translation += pupil.velocity * time.delta_seconds();
        // If the pupil hit the outside border of the eye, limit the translation to be within the wiggle radius and invert the velocity.
        // This is not physically accurate but it's good enough for the googly eyes effect.
        if translation.length() > wiggle_radius {
            translation = translation.normalize() * wiggle_radius;
            // Invert and decrease the velocity of the pupil when it bounces
            pupil.velocity *= -0.75;
        }
        // Update the entity transform with the new translation after reading the Z component
        transform.translation = translation.extend(z);
    }
}

examples/games/breakout.rs (line 230)

fn setup(
    mut commands: Commands,
    mut meshes: ResMut<Assets<Mesh>>,
    mut materials: ResMut<Assets<ColorMaterial>>,
    asset_server: Res<AssetServer>,
) {
    // Camera
    commands.spawn(Camera2dBundle::default());

    // Sound
    let ball_collision_sound = asset_server.load("sounds/breakout_collision.ogg");
    commands.insert_resource(CollisionSound(ball_collision_sound));

    // Paddle
    let paddle_y = BOTTOM_WALL + GAP_BETWEEN_PADDLE_AND_FLOOR;

    commands.spawn((
        SpriteBundle {
            transform: Transform {
                translation: Vec3::new(0.0, paddle_y, 0.0),
                scale: PADDLE_SIZE.extend(1.0),
                ..default()
            },
            sprite: Sprite {
                color: PADDLE_COLOR,
                ..default()
            },
            ..default()
        },
        Paddle,
        Collider,
    ));

    // Ball
    commands.spawn((
        MaterialMesh2dBundle {
            mesh: meshes.add(Circle::default()).into(),
            material: materials.add(BALL_COLOR),
            transform: Transform::from_translation(BALL_STARTING_POSITION)
                .with_scale(Vec2::splat(BALL_DIAMETER).extend(1.)),
            ..default()
        },
        Ball,
        Velocity(INITIAL_BALL_DIRECTION.normalize() * BALL_SPEED),
    ));

    // Scoreboard
    commands.spawn((
        ScoreboardUi,
        TextBundle::from_sections([
            TextSection::new(
                "Score: ",
                TextStyle {
                    font_size: SCOREBOARD_FONT_SIZE,
                    color: TEXT_COLOR,
                    ..default()
                },
            ),
            TextSection::from_style(TextStyle {
                font_size: SCOREBOARD_FONT_SIZE,
                color: SCORE_COLOR,
                ..default()
            }),
        ])
        .with_style(Style {
            position_type: PositionType::Absolute,
            top: SCOREBOARD_TEXT_PADDING,
            left: SCOREBOARD_TEXT_PADDING,
            ..default()
        }),
    ));

    // Walls
    commands.spawn(WallBundle::new(WallLocation::Left));
    commands.spawn(WallBundle::new(WallLocation::Right));
    commands.spawn(WallBundle::new(WallLocation::Bottom));
    commands.spawn(WallBundle::new(WallLocation::Top));

    // Bricks
    let total_width_of_bricks = (RIGHT_WALL - LEFT_WALL) - 2. * GAP_BETWEEN_BRICKS_AND_SIDES;
    let bottom_edge_of_bricks = paddle_y + GAP_BETWEEN_PADDLE_AND_BRICKS;
    let total_height_of_bricks = TOP_WALL - bottom_edge_of_bricks - GAP_BETWEEN_BRICKS_AND_CEILING;

    assert!(total_width_of_bricks > 0.0);
    assert!(total_height_of_bricks > 0.0);

    // Given the space available, compute how many rows and columns of bricks we can fit
    let n_columns = (total_width_of_bricks / (BRICK_SIZE.x + GAP_BETWEEN_BRICKS)).floor() as usize;
    let n_rows = (total_height_of_bricks / (BRICK_SIZE.y + GAP_BETWEEN_BRICKS)).floor() as usize;
    let n_vertical_gaps = n_columns - 1;

    // Because we need to round the number of columns,
    // the space on the top and sides of the bricks only captures a lower bound, not an exact value
    let center_of_bricks = (LEFT_WALL + RIGHT_WALL) / 2.0;
    let left_edge_of_bricks = center_of_bricks
        // Space taken up by the bricks
        - (n_columns as f32 / 2.0 * BRICK_SIZE.x)
        // Space taken up by the gaps
        - n_vertical_gaps as f32 / 2.0 * GAP_BETWEEN_BRICKS;

    // In Bevy, the `translation` of an entity describes the center point,
    // not its bottom-left corner
    let offset_x = left_edge_of_bricks + BRICK_SIZE.x / 2.;
    let offset_y = bottom_edge_of_bricks + BRICK_SIZE.y / 2.;

    for row in 0..n_rows {
        for column in 0..n_columns {
            let brick_position = Vec2::new(
                offset_x + column as f32 * (BRICK_SIZE.x + GAP_BETWEEN_BRICKS),
                offset_y + row as f32 * (BRICK_SIZE.y + GAP_BETWEEN_BRICKS),
            );

            // brick
            commands.spawn((
                SpriteBundle {
                    sprite: Sprite {
                        color: BRICK_COLOR,
                        ..default()
                    },
                    transform: Transform {
                        translation: brick_position.extend(0.0),
                        scale: Vec3::new(BRICK_SIZE.x, BRICK_SIZE.y, 1.0),
                        ..default()
                    },
                    ..default()
                },
                Brick,
                Collider,
            ));
        }
    }
}

pub fn try_normalize(self) -> Option<Vec2>

Returns self normalized to length 1.0 if possible, else returns None.

In particular, if the input is zero (or very close to zero), or non-finite, the result of this operation will be None.

See also Self::normalize_or_zero().

pub fn normalize_or_zero(self) -> Vec2

Returns self normalized to length 1.0 if possible, else returns zero.

In particular, if the input is zero (or very close to zero), or non-finite, the result of this operation will be zero.

See also Self::try_normalize().

Examples found in repository

examples/3d/tonemapping.rs (line 344)

fn resize_image(
    image_mesh: Query<(&Handle<StandardMaterial>, &Handle<Mesh>), With<HDRViewer>>,
    materials: Res<Assets<StandardMaterial>>,
    mut meshes: ResMut<Assets<Mesh>>,
    images: Res<Assets<Image>>,
    mut image_events: EventReader<AssetEvent<Image>>,
) {
    for event in image_events.read() {
        let (AssetEvent::Added { id } | AssetEvent::Modified { id }) = event else {
            continue;
        };

        for (mat_h, mesh_h) in &image_mesh {
            let Some(mat) = materials.get(mat_h) else {
                continue;
            };

            let Some(ref base_color_texture) = mat.base_color_texture else {
                continue;
            };

            if *id != base_color_texture.id() {
                continue;
            };

            let Some(image_changed) = images.get(*id) else {
                continue;
            };

            let size = image_changed.size_f32().normalize_or_zero() * 1.4;
            // Resize Mesh
            let quad = Mesh::from(Rectangle::from_size(size));
            meshes.insert(mesh_h, quad);
        }
    }
}

pub fn is_normalized(self) -> bool

Returns whether self is length 1.0 or not.

Uses a precision threshold of 1e-6.

pub fn project_onto(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Returns the vector projection of self onto rhs.

rhs must be of non-zero length.

Panics

Will panic if rhs is zero length when glam_assert is enabled.

pub fn reject_from(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Returns the vector rejection of self from rhs.

The vector rejection is the vector perpendicular to the projection of self onto rhs, in rhs words the result of self - self.project_onto(rhs).

rhs must be of non-zero length.

Panics

Will panic if rhs has a length of zero when glam_assert is enabled.

pub fn project_onto_normalized(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Returns the vector projection of self onto rhs.

rhs must be normalized.

Panics

Will panic if rhs is not normalized when glam_assert is enabled.

pub fn reject_from_normalized(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Returns the vector rejection of self from rhs.

The vector rejection is the vector perpendicular to the projection of self onto rhs, in rhs words the result of self - self.project_onto(rhs).

rhs must be normalized.

Panics

Will panic if rhs is not normalized when glam_assert is enabled.

pub fn round(self) -> Vec2

Returns a vector containing the nearest integer to a number for each element of self. Round half-way cases away from 0.0.

pub fn floor(self) -> Vec2

Returns a vector containing the largest integer less than or equal to a number for each element of self.

pub fn ceil(self) -> Vec2

Returns a vector containing the smallest integer greater than or equal to a number for each element of self.

pub fn trunc(self) -> Vec2

Returns a vector containing the integer part each element of self. This means numbers are always truncated towards zero.

pub fn fract(self) -> Vec2

Returns a vector containing the fractional part of the vector, e.g. self - self.floor().

Note that this is fast but not precise for large numbers.

pub fn exp(self) -> Vec2

Returns a vector containing e^self (the exponential function) for each element of self.

pub fn powf(self, n: f32) -> Vec2

Returns a vector containing each element of self raised to the power of n.

pub fn recip(self) -> Vec2

Returns a vector containing the reciprocal 1.0/n of each element of self.

pub fn lerp(self, rhs: Vec2, s: f32) -> Vec2

Performs a linear interpolation between self and rhs based on the value s.

When s is 0.0, the result will be equal to self. When s is 1.0, the result will be equal to rhs. When s is outside of range [0, 1], the result is linearly extrapolated.

pub fn abs_diff_eq(self, rhs: Vec2, max_abs_diff: f32) -> bool

Returns true if the absolute difference of all elements between self and rhs is less than or equal to max_abs_diff.

This can be used to compare if two vectors contain similar elements. It works best when comparing with a known value. The max_abs_diff that should be used used depends on the values being compared against.

For more see comparing floating point numbers.

pub fn clamp_length(self, min: f32, max: f32) -> Vec2

Returns a vector with a length no less than min and no more than max

Panics

Will panic if min is greater than max when glam_assert is enabled.

pub fn clamp_length_max(self, max: f32) -> Vec2

Returns a vector with a length no more than max

pub fn clamp_length_min(self, min: f32) -> Vec2

Returns a vector with a length no less than min

pub fn mul_add(self, a: Vec2, b: Vec2) -> Vec2

Fused multiply-add. Computes (self * a) + b element-wise with only one rounding error, yielding a more accurate result than an unfused multiply-add.

Using mul_add may be more performant than an unfused multiply-add if the target architecture has a dedicated fma CPU instruction. However, this is not always true, and will be heavily dependant on designing algorithms with specific target hardware in mind.

pub fn from_angle(angle: f32) -> Vec2

Creates a 2D vector containing [angle.cos(), angle.sin()]. This can be used in conjunction with the rotate() method, e.g. Vec2::from_angle(PI).rotate(Vec2::Y) will create the vector [-1, 0] and rotate Vec2::Y around it returning -Vec2::Y.

Examples found in repository

examples/3d/reflection_probes.rs (line 323)

fn rotate_camera(
    time: Res<Time>,
    mut camera_query: Query<&mut Transform, With<Camera3d>>,
    app_status: Res<AppStatus>,
) {
    if !app_status.rotating {
        return;
    }

    for mut transform in camera_query.iter_mut() {
        transform.translation = Vec2::from_angle(time.delta_seconds() * PI / 5.0)
            .rotate(transform.translation.xz())
            .extend(transform.translation.y)
            .xzy();
        transform.look_at(Vec3::ZERO, Vec3::Y);
    }
}

examples/3d/irradiance_volumes.rs (line 386)

fn rotate_camera(
    mut camera_query: Query<&mut Transform, With<Camera3d>>,
    time: Res<Time>,
    app_status: Res<AppStatus>,
) {
    if !app_status.rotating {
        return;
    }

    for mut transform in camera_query.iter_mut() {
        transform.translation = Vec2::from_angle(ROTATION_SPEED * time.delta_seconds())
            .rotate(transform.translation.xz())
            .extend(transform.translation.y)
            .xzy();
        transform.look_at(Vec3::ZERO, Vec3::Y);
    }
}

examples/gizmos/2d_gizmos.rs (line 89)

fn draw_example_collection(
    mut gizmos: Gizmos,
    mut my_gizmos: Gizmos<MyRoundGizmos>,
    time: Res<Time>,
) {
    let sin = time.elapsed_seconds().sin() * 50.;
    gizmos.line_2d(Vec2::Y * -sin, Vec2::splat(-80.), RED);
    gizmos.ray_2d(Vec2::Y * sin, Vec2::splat(80.), LIME);

    gizmos
        .grid_2d(
            Vec2::ZERO,
            0.0,
            UVec2::new(16, 12),
            Vec2::new(60., 60.),
            // Light gray
            LinearRgba::gray(0.65),
        )
        .outer_edges();

    // Triangle
    gizmos.linestrip_gradient_2d([
        (Vec2::Y * 300., BLUE),
        (Vec2::new(-255., -155.), RED),
        (Vec2::new(255., -155.), LIME),
        (Vec2::Y * 300., BLUE),
    ]);

    gizmos.rect_2d(
        Vec2::ZERO,
        time.elapsed_seconds() / 3.,
        Vec2::splat(300.),
        BLACK,
    );

    // The circles have 32 line-segments by default.
    my_gizmos.circle_2d(Vec2::ZERO, 120., BLACK);
    my_gizmos.ellipse_2d(
        Vec2::ZERO,
        time.elapsed_seconds() % TAU,
        Vec2::new(100., 200.),
        YELLOW_GREEN,
    );
    // You may want to increase this for larger circles.
    my_gizmos.circle_2d(Vec2::ZERO, 300., NAVY).segments(64);

    // Arcs default amount of segments is linearly interpolated between
    // 1 and 32, using the arc length as scalar.
    my_gizmos.arc_2d(Vec2::ZERO, sin / 10., PI / 2., 350., ORANGE_RED);

    gizmos.arrow_2d(
        Vec2::ZERO,
        Vec2::from_angle(sin / -10. + PI / 2.) * 50.,
        YELLOW,
    );

    // You can create more complex arrows using the arrow builder.
    gizmos
        .arrow_2d(Vec2::ZERO, Vec2::from_angle(sin / -10.) * 50., GREEN)
        .with_double_end()
        .with_tip_length(10.);
}

pub fn to_angle(self) -> f32

Returns the angle (in radians) of this vector in the range [-π, +π].

The input does not need to be a unit vector however it must be non-zero.

pub fn angle_between(self, rhs: Vec2) -> f32

Returns the angle (in radians) between self and rhs in the range [-π, +π].

The inputs do not need to be unit vectors however they must be non-zero.

pub fn perp(self) -> Vec2

Returns a vector that is equal to self rotated by 90 degrees.

pub fn perp_dot(self, rhs: Vec2) -> f32

The perpendicular dot product of self and rhs. Also known as the wedge product, 2D cross product, and determinant.

pub fn rotate(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Returns rhs rotated by the angle of self. If self is normalized, then this just rotation. This is what you usually want. Otherwise, it will be like a rotation with a multiplication by self’s length.

Examples found in repository

examples/3d/reflection_probes.rs (line 324)

fn rotate_camera(
    time: Res<Time>,
    mut camera_query: Query<&mut Transform, With<Camera3d>>,
    app_status: Res<AppStatus>,
) {
    if !app_status.rotating {
        return;
    }

    for mut transform in camera_query.iter_mut() {
        transform.translation = Vec2::from_angle(time.delta_seconds() * PI / 5.0)
            .rotate(transform.translation.xz())
            .extend(transform.translation.y)
            .xzy();
        transform.look_at(Vec3::ZERO, Vec3::Y);
    }
}

examples/3d/irradiance_volumes.rs (line 387)

fn rotate_camera(
    mut camera_query: Query<&mut Transform, With<Camera3d>>,
    time: Res<Time>,
    app_status: Res<AppStatus>,
) {
    if !app_status.rotating {
        return;
    }

    for mut transform in camera_query.iter_mut() {
        transform.translation = Vec2::from_angle(ROTATION_SPEED * time.delta_seconds())
            .rotate(transform.translation.xz())
            .extend(transform.translation.y)
            .xzy();
        transform.look_at(Vec3::ZERO, Vec3::Y);
    }
}

pub fn as_dvec2(&self) -> DVec2

Casts all elements of self to f64.

pub fn as_i16vec2(&self) -> I16Vec2

Casts all elements of self to i16.

pub fn as_u16vec2(&self) -> U16Vec2

Casts all elements of self to u16.

pub fn as_ivec2(&self) -> IVec2

Casts all elements of self to i32.

pub fn as_uvec2(&self) -> UVec2

Casts all elements of self to u32.

pub fn as_i64vec2(&self) -> I64Vec2

Casts all elements of self to i64.

pub fn as_u64vec2(&self) -> U64Vec2

Casts all elements of self to u64.

Trait Implementations

impl Add<Vec2> for f32

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

fn add(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the + operation.

impl Add<f32> for Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

fn add(self, rhs: f32) -> Vec2

Performs the + operation.

impl Add for Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

fn add(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the + operation.

impl AddAssign<f32> for Vec2

fn add_assign(&mut self, rhs: f32)

Performs the += operation.

impl AddAssign for Vec2

fn add_assign(&mut self, rhs: Vec2)

Performs the += operation.

impl Animatable for Vec2

fn interpolate(a: &Vec2, b: &Vec2, t: f32) -> Vec2

Interpolates between a and b with a interpolation factor of time.

fn blend(inputs: impl Iterator<Item = BlendInput<Vec2>>) -> Vec2

Blends one or more values together.

fn post_process(&mut self, _world: &World)

Post-processes the value using resources in the World. Most animatable types do not need to implement this.

impl AsMut<[f32; 2]> for Vec2

Available on non-target_arch="spirv" only.

fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [f32; 2]

Converts this type into a mutable reference of the (usually inferred) input type.

impl AsMutVectorParts<f32, 2> for Vec2

where Vec2: AsMut<[f32; 2]>, f32: VectorScalar,

fn as_mut_parts(&mut self) -> &mut [f32; 2]

impl AsRef<[f32; 2]> for Vec2

Available on non-target_arch="spirv" only.

fn as_ref(&self) -> &[f32; 2]

Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.

impl AsRefVectorParts<f32, 2> for Vec2

where Vec2: AsRef<[f32; 2]>, f32: VectorScalar,

fn as_ref_parts(&self) -> &[f32; 2]

impl Clone for Vec2

fn clone(&self) -> Vec2

Returns a copy of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl CreateFrom for Vec2

where Vec2: FromVectorParts<f32, 2>, f32: VectorScalar + CreateFrom,

fn create_from<B>(reader: &mut Reader<B>) -> Vec2

where B: BufferRef,

impl Debug for Vec2

Available on non-target_arch="spirv" only.

fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl Default for Vec2

fn default() -> Vec2

Returns the “default value” for a type.

impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for Vec2

fn deserialize<D>( deserializer: D ) -> Result<Vec2, <D as Deserializer<'de>>::Error>

where D: Deserializer<'de>,

Deserialize this value from the given Serde deserializer.

impl Display for Vec2

Available on non-target_arch="spirv" only.

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl Div<Vec2> for f32

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

fn div(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the / operation.

impl Div<f32> for Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

fn div(self, rhs: f32) -> Vec2

Performs the / operation.

impl Div for Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

fn div(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the / operation.

impl DivAssign<f32> for Vec2

fn div_assign(&mut self, rhs: f32)

Performs the /= operation.

impl DivAssign for Vec2

fn div_assign(&mut self, rhs: Vec2)

Performs the /= operation.

impl From<[f32; 2]> for Vec2

fn from(a: [f32; 2]) -> Vec2

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<(f32, f32)> for Vec2

fn from(t: (f32, f32)) -> Vec2

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<Dir2> for Vec2

fn from(value: Dir2) -> Vec2

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<Vec2> for [f32; 2]

fn from(v: Vec2) -> [f32; 2]

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<Vec2> for (f32, f32)

fn from(v: Vec2) -> (f32, f32)

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<Vec2> for AspectRatio

fn from(value: Vec2) -> AspectRatio

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<Vec2> for DVec2

fn from(v: Vec2) -> DVec2

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<Vec2> for WindowResolution

fn from(res: Vec2) -> WindowResolution

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl FromIterator<Vec2> for BoxedPolygon

fn from_iter<I>(iter: I) -> BoxedPolygon

where I: IntoIterator<Item = Vec2>,

Creates a value from an iterator.

impl FromIterator<Vec2> for BoxedPolyline2d

fn from_iter<I>(iter: I) -> BoxedPolyline2d

where I: IntoIterator<Item = Vec2>,

Creates a value from an iterator.

impl<const N: usize> FromIterator<Vec2> for Polygon<N>

fn from_iter<I>(iter: I) -> Polygon<N>

where I: IntoIterator<Item = Vec2>,

Creates a value from an iterator.

impl<const N: usize> FromIterator<Vec2> for Polyline2d<N>

fn from_iter<I>(iter: I) -> Polyline2d<N>

where I: IntoIterator<Item = Vec2>,

Creates a value from an iterator.

impl FromReflect for Vec2

where Vec2: Any + Send + Sync, f32: FromReflect + TypePath + RegisterForReflection,

fn from_reflect(reflect: &(dyn Reflect + 'static)) -> Option<Vec2>

Constructs a concrete instance of Self from a reflected value.

fn take_from_reflect( reflect: Box<dyn Reflect> ) -> Result<Self, Box<dyn Reflect>>

Attempts to downcast the given value to Self using, constructing the value using from_reflect if that fails.

impl FromVectorParts<f32, 2> for Vec2

where Vec2: From<[f32; 2]>, f32: VectorScalar,

fn from_parts(parts: [f32; 2]) -> Vec2

impl GetTypeRegistration for Vec2

where Vec2: Any + Send + Sync, f32: FromReflect + TypePath + RegisterForReflection,

fn get_type_registration() -> TypeRegistration

Returns the default TypeRegistration for this type.

fn register_type_dependencies(registry: &mut TypeRegistry)

Registers other types needed by this type.

impl Index<usize> for Vec2

type Output = f32

The returned type after indexing.

fn index(&self, index: usize) -> &<Vec2 as Index<usize>>::Output

Performs the indexing (container[index]) operation.

impl IndexMut<usize> for Vec2

fn index_mut(&mut self, index: usize) -> &mut <Vec2 as Index<usize>>::Output

Performs the mutable indexing (container[index]) operation.

impl Mul<Vec2> for Mat2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, rhs: Vec2) -> <Mat2 as Mul<Vec2>>::Output

Performs the * operation.

impl Mul<Vec2> for Rotation2d

fn mul(self, rhs: Vec2) -> <Rotation2d as Mul<Vec2>>::Output

Rotates a Vec2 by a Rotation2d.

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

impl Mul<Vec2> for f32

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the * operation.

impl Mul<f32> for Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, rhs: f32) -> Vec2

Performs the * operation.

impl Mul for Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the * operation.

impl MulAssign<f32> for Vec2

fn mul_assign(&mut self, rhs: f32)

Performs the *= operation.

impl MulAssign for Vec2

fn mul_assign(&mut self, rhs: Vec2)

Performs the *= operation.

impl Neg for Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn neg(self) -> Vec2

Performs the unary - operation.

impl NormedVectorSpace for Vec2

fn norm(self) -> f32

The size of this element. The return value should always be nonnegative.

fn norm_squared(self) -> f32

The squared norm of this element. Computing this is often faster than computing NormedVectorSpace::norm.

fn distance(self, rhs: Self) -> f32

The distance between this element and another, as determined by the norm.

fn distance_squared(self, rhs: Self) -> f32

The squared distance between this element and another, as determined by the norm. Note that this is often faster to compute in practice than NormedVectorSpace::distance.

impl PartialEq for Vec2

fn eq(&self, other: &Vec2) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

impl<'a> Product<&'a Vec2> for Vec2

fn product<I>(iter: I) -> Vec2

where I: Iterator<Item = &'a Vec2>,

Method which takes an iterator and generates Self from the elements by multiplying the items.

impl Product for Vec2

fn product<I>(iter: I) -> Vec2

where I: Iterator<Item = Vec2>,

Method which takes an iterator and generates Self from the elements by multiplying the items.

impl ReadFrom for Vec2

where Vec2: AsMutVectorParts<f32, 2>, f32: VectorScalar + ReadFrom,

fn read_from<B>(&mut self, reader: &mut Reader<B>)

where B: BufferRef,

impl Reflect for Vec2

where Vec2: Any + Send + Sync, f32: FromReflect + TypePath + RegisterForReflection,

fn get_represented_type_info(&self) -> Option<&'static TypeInfo>

Returns the TypeInfo of the type represented by this value.

fn into_any(self: Box<Vec2>) -> Box<dyn Any>

Returns the value as a Box<dyn Any>.

fn as_any(&self) -> &(dyn Any + 'static)

Returns the value as a &dyn Any.

fn as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut (dyn Any + 'static)

Returns the value as a &mut dyn Any.

fn into_reflect(self: Box<Vec2>) -> Box<dyn Reflect>

Casts this type to a boxed reflected value.

fn as_reflect(&self) -> &(dyn Reflect + 'static)

Casts this type to a reflected value.

fn as_reflect_mut(&mut self) -> &mut (dyn Reflect + 'static)

Casts this type to a mutable reflected value.

fn clone_value(&self) -> Box<dyn Reflect>

Clones the value as a Reflect trait object.

fn set(&mut self, value: Box<dyn Reflect>) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Reflect>>

Performs a type-checked assignment of a reflected value to this value.

fn apply(&mut self, value: &(dyn Reflect + 'static))

Applies a reflected value to this value.

fn reflect_kind(&self) -> ReflectKind

Returns a zero-sized enumeration of “kinds” of type.

fn reflect_ref(&self) -> ReflectRef<'_>

Returns an immutable enumeration of “kinds” of type.

fn reflect_mut(&mut self) -> ReflectMut<'_>

Returns a mutable enumeration of “kinds” of type.

fn reflect_owned(self: Box<Vec2>) -> ReflectOwned

Returns an owned enumeration of “kinds” of type.

fn reflect_partial_eq(&self, value: &(dyn Reflect + 'static)) -> Option<bool>

Returns a “partial equality” comparison result.

fn debug(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Debug formatter for the value.

fn reflect_hash(&self) -> Option<u64>

Returns a hash of the value (which includes the type).

fn serializable(&self) -> Option<Serializable<'_>>

Returns a serializable version of the value.

fn is_dynamic(&self) -> bool

Indicates whether or not this type is a dynamic type.

impl Rem<Vec2> for f32

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

fn rem(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the % operation.

impl Rem<f32> for Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

fn rem(self, rhs: f32) -> Vec2

Performs the % operation.

impl Rem for Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

fn rem(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the % operation.

impl RemAssign<f32> for Vec2

fn rem_assign(&mut self, rhs: f32)

Performs the %= operation.

impl RemAssign for Vec2

fn rem_assign(&mut self, rhs: Vec2)

Performs the %= operation.

impl Serialize for Vec2

fn serialize<S>( &self, serializer: S ) -> Result<<S as Serializer>::Ok, <S as Serializer>::Error>

where S: Serializer,

Serialize this value into the given Serde serializer.

impl ShaderSize for Vec2

where f32: ShaderSize,

const SHADER_SIZE: NonZero<u64> = _

Represents WGSL Size (equivalent to ShaderType::min_size)

impl ShaderType for Vec2

where f32: ShaderSize,

fn min_size() -> NonZero<u64>

Represents the minimum size of Self (equivalent to GPUBufferBindingLayout.minBindingSize)

fn size(&self) -> NonZero<u64>

Returns the size of Self at runtime

fn assert_uniform_compat()

Asserts that Self meets the requirements of the uniform address space restrictions on stored values and the uniform address space layout constraints

impl Struct for Vec2

where Vec2: Any + Send + Sync, f32: FromReflect + TypePath + RegisterForReflection,

fn field(&self, name: &str) -> Option<&(dyn Reflect + 'static)>

Returns a reference to the value of the field named name as a &dyn Reflect.

fn field_mut(&mut self, name: &str) -> Option<&mut (dyn Reflect + 'static)>

Returns a mutable reference to the value of the field named name as a &mut dyn Reflect.

fn field_at(&self, index: usize) -> Option<&(dyn Reflect + 'static)>

Returns a reference to the value of the field with index index as a &dyn Reflect.

fn field_at_mut(&mut self, index: usize) -> Option<&mut (dyn Reflect + 'static)>

Returns a mutable reference to the value of the field with index index as a &mut dyn Reflect.

fn name_at(&self, index: usize) -> Option<&str>

Returns the name of the field with index index.

fn field_len(&self) -> usize

Returns the number of fields in the struct.

fn iter_fields(&self) -> FieldIter<'_>

Returns an iterator over the values of the reflectable fields for this struct.

fn clone_dynamic(&self) -> DynamicStruct

Clones the struct into a DynamicStruct.

impl Sub<Vec2> for f32

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn sub(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the - operation.

impl Sub<f32> for Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn sub(self, rhs: f32) -> Vec2

Performs the - operation.

impl Sub for Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn sub(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the - operation.

impl SubAssign<f32> for Vec2

fn sub_assign(&mut self, rhs: f32)

Performs the -= operation.

impl SubAssign for Vec2

fn sub_assign(&mut self, rhs: Vec2)

Performs the -= operation.

impl<'a> Sum<&'a Vec2> for Vec2

fn sum<I>(iter: I) -> Vec2

where I: Iterator<Item = &'a Vec2>,

Method which takes an iterator and generates Self from the elements by “summing up” the items.

impl Sum for Vec2

fn sum<I>(iter: I) -> Vec2

where I: Iterator<Item = Vec2>,

Method which takes an iterator and generates Self from the elements by “summing up” the items.

impl TryFrom<Vec2> for Dir2

type Error = InvalidDirectionError

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.

fn try_from(value: Vec2) -> Result<Dir2, <Dir2 as TryFrom<Vec2>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.

impl TypePath for Vec2

where Vec2: Any + Send + Sync,

fn type_path() -> &'static str

Returns the fully qualified path of the underlying type.

fn short_type_path() -> &'static str

Returns a short, pretty-print enabled path to the type.

fn type_ident() -> Option<&'static str>

Returns the name of the type, or None if it is anonymous.

fn crate_name() -> Option<&'static str>

Returns the name of the crate the type is in, or None if it is anonymous.

fn module_path() -> Option<&'static str>

Returns the path to the module the type is in, or None if it is anonymous.

impl Typed for Vec2

where Vec2: Any + Send + Sync, f32: FromReflect + TypePath + RegisterForReflection,

fn type_info() -> &'static TypeInfo

Returns the compile-time info for the underlying type.

impl Vec2Swizzles for Vec2

type Vec3 = Vec3

type Vec4 = Vec4

fn xx(self) -> Vec2

fn xy(self) -> Vec2

fn yx(self) -> Vec2

fn yy(self) -> Vec2

fn xxx(self) -> Vec3

fn xxy(self) -> Vec3

fn xyx(self) -> Vec3

fn xyy(self) -> Vec3

fn yxx(self) -> Vec3

fn yxy(self) -> Vec3

fn yyx(self) -> Vec3

fn yyy(self) -> Vec3

fn xxxx(self) -> Vec4

fn xxxy(self) -> Vec4

fn xxyx(self) -> Vec4

fn xxyy(self) -> Vec4

fn xyxx(self) -> Vec4

fn xyxy(self) -> Vec4

fn xyyx(self) -> Vec4

fn xyyy(self) -> Vec4

fn yxxx(self) -> Vec4

fn yxxy(self) -> Vec4

fn yxyx(self) -> Vec4

fn yxyy(self) -> Vec4

fn yyxx(self) -> Vec4

fn yyxy(self) -> Vec4

fn yyyx(self) -> Vec4

fn yyyy(self) -> Vec4

impl VectorSpace for Vec2

const ZERO: Vec2 = Vec2::ZERO

The zero vector, which is the identity of addition for the vector space type.

fn lerp(&self, rhs: Self, t: f32) -> Self

Perform vector space linear interpolation between this element and another, based on the parameter t. When t is 0, self is recovered. When t is 1, rhs is recovered.

impl WriteInto for Vec2

where Vec2: AsRefVectorParts<f32, 2>, f32: VectorScalar + WriteInto,

fn write_into<B>(&self, writer: &mut Writer<B>)

where B: BufferMut,

impl Zeroable for Vec2

fn zeroed() -> Self

Calls zeroed.

impl Copy for Vec2

impl Pod for Vec2

impl StructuralPartialEq for Vec2